黄河下游地区引黄水库表层水中全氟烷基酸的分布特征与风险评估  

Distribution and risk assessment of Perfluoroalkyl acid in surface water of diversion reservoirs from the lower Yellow River

作　　者：辛晓东 刘红 孙韶华[1,2] 刘娜 高珂 张苏玲 贾瑞宝 XIN Xiaodong;LIU Hong;SUN Shaohua;LIU Na;GAO Ke;ZHANG Suling;JIA Ruibao(Shandong Province Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Center,Jinan,250101,China;School of Water Conservancy and Environment,University of Jinan,Jinan,250022,China;Shandong Qingyun County Water Supply Company,Dezhou,253700,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省城市供排水水质监测中心,济南250101 [2]济南大学,济南250022 [3]山东庆云县供水公司,德州253700

出　　处：《环境化学》2023年第12期4327-4337,共11页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金(ZR2021ME166);济南市水务科技项目(JNSWKJ202108);山东省泰山学者建设工程专项(ts201712084)资助。

摘　　要：全氟烷基酸(perfluoroalkyl acid,PFAAs)具有环境持久性、生物富集性、潜在毒性等特点,其在水中的污染问题受到了全球各国普遍重视.为探明黄河下游地区各地引黄水库水中全氟烷基酸的污染特征,先后于2021年丰水期和枯水期收集了十九座黄河下游地区山东段引黄水库的表层水,采用固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定了表层水中17种全氟羧酸和全氟磺酸的浓度,分析了全氟烷基酸的种类、含量及时空变化特征,开展了全氟烷基酸与水质参数的相关性分析并采用熵值法对典型全氟烷基酸进行了环境风险评价.结果显示,所调查的十九座引黄水库表层水中可检出全氟辛酸、全氟壬酸、全氟辛烷磺酸、全氟己酸、全氟己烷磺酸和全氟庚酸,总质量浓度范围为1—55.7 ng·L^(−1);风险评估结果表明该流域内所调研的引黄水库表层水体中全氟辛酸等典型全氟烷基酸的风险熵值远低于1,污染水平尚未达到对生态环境造成风险的水平.Perfluoroalkyl acid(PFAAs)have attracted widespread attention owing to their environmental persistence,bioaccumulation,and potential toxicity.To explore the pollution characteristics of PFAAs in diversion reservoirs from the lower Yellow River,the surface water of 19 Yellow River diversion reservoirs in Shandong Province was collected in rainy and dry periods in 2021,respectively.The 17 perfluorocarboxylic acids and perfluorosulfonic acids in the surface water were determined by solid-phase extraction enrichment and high-throughput detection with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.Perfluoroalkyl acids were analyzed for their composition,types,and spatial and temporal variation characteristics.The correlation analysis between PFAAs and water quality parameters,as well as entropy-based assessments of typical PFAAs,have been conducted in this study.The results showed that perfluorooctanoic acid,perfluorononanoic acid,perfluorooctane sulfonates,perfluorohexanoic acid,perfluorohexanesulfonic acid and perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid were detected,andΣPFAAs concentrations ranged from 1 ng·L−1 to 55.7 ng·L−1.Using environmental risk assessment,the results showed that the risk quotient was far lower than 1 for all samples.The PFAAs pollution level in the surface water of the Yellow River diversion reservoirs has not reached the level of risk to ecological environment.

关 键 词：全氟烷基酸 引黄水库 分布 环境风险评估. 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4