云南省中小学生筛查性近视影响因素分析  

Influencing factors of screened myopia among primary and secondary school students in Yunnan Province

作　　者：刘宏[1] 常利涛[1] 杨云娟[1] 杨帆 代丽梅[1] 黄达峰[1] 安维维[1] 韦蝶心[1] 赵云伟[2] LIU Hong;CHANG Li-tao;YANG Yun-juan;YANG Fan;DAI Li-mei;HUANG Da-feng;AN Wei-wei;WEI Die-xin;ZHAO Yun-wei(School Health Department,Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Kunming 650022,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省疾病预防控制中心学校卫生所,云南昆明月650022 [2]云南财经大学,云南昆明650221

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2023年第11期963-972,共10页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：云南省医学学科带头人培养项目(D-2018007)。

摘　　要：目的探讨云南中小学生筛查性近视影响因素,为制定相应的预防和干预策略提供科学依据。方法2019年9—12月采用分层随机整群抽样方法,选取云南省16个州(市)小学四年级至高中三年级39278名学生进行近视检测和问卷调查,应用SPSS 21.0软件对不同特征调查对象的筛查性近视检出率进行单因素χ^(2)检验,对近视影响因素采用多因素Logistic逐步回归法进行分析。结果父母均不近视、每天放学后做作业或读书写字时间<1 h、近距离用眼≤0.25 h休息1次眼睛与近视呈负相关:小学生父母双方近视(OR=2.985,95%CI:2.589~3.440)、每天放学后做作业或读书写字2~<3 h(OR=1.391,95%CI:1.256~1.542)、近距离用眼0.25~<0.5 h休息1次眼睛(OR=1.172,95%CI:1.066~1.290),初中生父母双方近视(OR=2.218,95%CI:1.851~2.658)、每天放学后做作业或读书写字时间≥3 h(OR=1.709,95%CI:1.510~1.935)、近距离用眼2~<3 h休息1次眼睛(OR=1.248,95%CI:1.051~1.481),高中生父母双方近视(OR=1.686,95%CI:1.309~2.173)、每天放学后做作业或读书写字时间≥3 h(OR=1.232,95%CI:1.056~1.437)、近距离用眼≥3 h休息1次眼睛(OR=1.367,95%CI:1.122~1.666)是近视的危险因素。每天不做眼保健操与近视呈正相关:小学生每天做2次眼保健操(OR=0.494,95%CI:0.397~0.613),初中生每天做眼保健操≥3次(OR=0.679,95%CI:0.592~0.780),对于高中生每天做2次眼保健操(OR=0.415,95%CI:0.353~0.488)是近视的保护因素。结论云南省不同学段学生近视影响因素有共同的因素,也有不同的特点,对暴露于高危因素的学生应采取重点防控。Objective To explore the influencing factors of screening myopia among primary and secondary school students in Yunnan,and to provide scientific basis for formulating corresponding prevention and intervention strategies.Methods From September to December 2019,across-sectional study was conducted to participateinthevisiontestof myopia and questionnairesurvey among 39278 students from thefourth grade of primary school to the third grade of senior high school by stratified random cluster sampling method in 16 cities and towns of Yunnan Province.SPSS 21.0 software was used to conduct the single factor χ^(2) testonthedetection rate of screening myopia amongsurvey subjects withdifferent characteristics,and the influencing factors of myopia were analyzed using the multivariate logistic stepwise regression method.Results Without parents are not myopic,the time to do homework or read and write after school for<1 hour per day,and taking≤0.25 hour break when using eyes at close range were negatively associated with myopia:For primary school students,two parents with myopia was OR=2.985(95%CI=2.589-3.440),the time to do homework or read and write after school for 2-<3 hour per day was OR=1.391(95%CI=1.256-1.542),and taking 0.25-<0.5 hour break when using eyes at close range was OR=1.172(95%CI=1.066-1.290);For junior high school students,two parents with myopia was OR=2.218(95%CI=1.851-2.658),the time to do homework or read and write after school for≥3 hour per daywas OR=1.709(95%CI=1.510-1.935),and taking 2-<3 hour break when using eyes at close range was OR=1.248(95%CI=1.051-1.481);For seniorhigh school students,two parents with myopia was OR=1.686(95%CI=1.309-2.173),the time to do homework or read and write after school for≥3 hour per day was OR=1.232(95%CI=1.056-1.437),and taking≥3 hour break when using eyes at close range was OR=1.367(95%CI=1.122-1.666).All of the sefa ctors are risk factors for myopia.Without doing eye exercises every day was positively associated with myopia.For primary school students,doing e

关 键 词：中小学生 筛查性近视 回归分析 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]