厌氧环境对25种湿地植物生长状况及渗氧能力的影响  

Effects of anaerobic environment on the growth and radial oxygen loss of 25wetlandplants

作　　者：何孟轲 杨俊兴[1,2] 郭雨乐 HE Mengke;YANG Junxing;GUO Yule(Center for Environmental Remediation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academyof Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复中心,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2023年第12期2277-2288,共12页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30570345和42277237)。

摘　　要：为探究厌氧条件对不同湿地植物生长状况及渗氧能力的影响,明晰湿地植物在厌氧湿地环境下的适应性特征,以便优化人工湿地植物配置设计,本研究选用25种自然湿地植物,通过模拟厌氧湿地环境的静态琼脂培养,研究不同湿地植物生物量、根茎比、根系形态、渗氧量与孔隙度的变化,并对植物根系渗氧量与各生理生长指标进行相关性分析。结果显示:与水培条件相比,在琼脂培养条件下,21种湿地植物地上部生物量减少了9.09%~32.00%,而25种湿地植物根部生物量均增加,增加范围为15.38%~233.33%。25种湿地植物在琼脂条件下的根茎比范围为0.10~0.71,除短叶水蜈蚣(Kyllinga brevifolia)外,其他湿地植物的根茎比均高于水培条件。在厌氧条件下,不同湿地植物根长下降范围为3.54%~54.28%,并表现出主根变粗、侧根数量减少等形态结构变化来适应厌氧环境。此外,琼脂培养条件下湿地植物通气组织发达,根系孔隙度提高1.95%~14.10%,根系渗氧量也显著增加3.84~36.63μmol·株^(-1)·d^(-1)。相关性分析结果表明,湿地植物根系渗氧量与孔隙度呈正相关关系,并可通过线性方程模拟。大叶象耳慈姑(Aquarius macrophyllus)根部生物量[0.27 g(DW)]及渗氧量(106.36μmol·株^(-1)·d^(-1))均为25种植物中最优,可作为湿地设计中的优势植物。综上所述,琼脂培养条件下湿地植物通过改变根系形态结构、提高孔隙度及渗氧量来适应厌氧环境。保持较高生物量及渗氧量的植物可作为优势湿地植物,为人工湿地植物配置提供设计思路。The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of anaerobic conditions on growth condi-tions and radial oxygen loss capacity of different wetland plants,clarify the adaptability characteristics of wetland plants in the anaerobic wetland environment,and optimize the plant configuration design of con-structed wetlands.In this study,25 natural wetland plants were selected.Static agar culture conditions were used to simulate the anaerobic wetland environment,and the changes of plant biomass,root-stem ratio,root morphology,radial oxygen loss and porosity of wetland plants were studied.The correlation be-tween radial oxygen loss and physiological growth indexes was also analyzed.The results showed that in comparison to hydroponic conditions,the biomass of 21 wetland plant species decreased by 9.09%to 32.00%under agar culture conditions.However,the root biomass of all wetland plant species increased,ranging from 15.38%to 233.33%.The root-stem ratio of 25 wetland plants under agar condition ranged from 0.10 to 0.71,surpassing that observed in hydroponic conditions,except for Kyllinga brevifolia.Furthermore,the root length of different plants decreased within the range of 3.54%to 54.28%,and the morphological and structural changes occurred to adapt to the anaerobic environment,such as the main root thickened and the number of lateral roots decreased.Additionally,under agar culture conditions,wetland plants displayed well-developed aerenchyma,a significant increase in root porosity ranging from 1.95%to 14.10%,and a notable rise in root radial oxygen loss spanning from 3.84 to 36.63μmol.plant^(-1)·d^(-1).The results of the correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between the radial oxygen loss of wetland plant roots and their porosity,which could be effectively modeled using a linear equation.Among the 25 species studied,Aquarius macrophyllus exhibited the most favorable characteristics,with a root biomass of 0.27 g(dry weight)and a radial oxygen loss of 106.36μmol-plant^(-1)·d^(-1).These findings sug

关 键 词：湿地植物 根系 渗氧 孔隙度 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]