“发展中国家”概念何以引发争议?——GATT框架下的概念史考察  

Why Does the Term‘Developing Country’Trigger a Debate?-A Historical Study of the Term under GATT

作　　者：张桐[1] Zhang Tong

机构地区：[1]南京大学政府管理学院,南京210023

出　　处：《亚太安全与海洋研究》2024年第1期91-106,I0003,共17页Asia-Pacific Security and Maritime Affairs

基　　金：南京大学2021年度党的创新理论研究专项重点项目(编号:14370308)。

摘　　要：“发展中国家”是全球治理中的一个基础性概念,近年来却成为国际话语场域中的争议性概念。考察关税及贸易总协定框架下“发展中国家”概念的历史,对于厘清相关争议的缘起和进一步理解国际话语竞争具有重要价值。“发展中国家”概念在GATT框架下经历了三个阶段:20世纪50年代以修订GATT1947第18条为代表的概念孕育阶段,60年代以增加GATT1947第四部分为代表的概念萌芽阶段和70年代以后以普惠制、差别优惠待遇及“毕业原则”等为代表的概念流行阶段。GATT框架下的“发展中国家”概念展现出模糊甚至混乱的特征,为日后世界贸易组织的相关争议埋下了隐患。西方发达国家在这一概念的塑造过程中注入了自身的价值观,而发展中国家的参与却十分有限,这也为当今的国际话语竞争提供了重要的启示。“Developing country”is a basic term in global governance,but has become a controver-sial one in the field of international discourse in recent years.Examining the history of the term“developing country”under the framework of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT)is of great value to clarify the origin of the related disputes and to further un-derstand the international discourse competition.Under the GATT,the term“developing country”has gone through three stages:the germination phase through the revision of Article 18 of GATT1947 in the 1950s,the birth phase through the addition of the fourth section of GATT1947 in the 1960s,and the diffusion stage represented by Generalized System of Pref-erences,Special and Differential Treatment and“Graduation Principle”after 1970s.The term“developing country”under GATT is characterized by ambiguity and confusion,which could in part lead to related disputes under the system of World Trade Organization.Western developed countries have injected their own values into the term in this process,while the developing countries have only played very limited role,which provides us with an important lesson for todays international discourse competition.

关 键 词：发展中国家 关税及贸易总协定 世界贸易组织 GATT WTO 国际话 语竞争 

分 类 号：D501[政治法律—政治学]