从英汉句子的及物性看英汉思维的时空性强弱差异——以eat和“吃”的句法及物性对比为例  

The pro-temporality of English and pro-spatiality of Chinese revealed by the transitivity of English and Chinese clauses:evidenced by the syntactic transitivity between eat and chi(吃)

作　　者：杨静 王文斌[1,3] YANG Jing;WANG Wenbin

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学中国外语与教育研究中心 [2]重庆师范大学 [3]北京外国语大学国家语言能力发展中心

出　　处：《外语教学理论与实践》2023年第6期11-21,30,共12页Foreign Language Learning Theory And Practice

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“英汉指元状语的时空性对比研究”(编号:21XJC740005)的阶段性成果;“北京外国语大学北京高校高精尖学科‘外语教育学’建设项目”的支持。

摘　　要：基于及物性的认知视角,本文提出句子的及物性与思维的时空性是现象与本质的关系。通过对比英汉常用动词eat和“吃”的句法表现可见,英语句子的及物性更强,而汉语的及物性较弱,因为英语句子更注重表征能量传递的完整性、顺序性和连续性,汉语句子则更倾向于打破上述特性,突显事件的参与者。英汉句子之间的及物性差异可进一步说明英汉民族思维的时空性强弱差异。Based on the cognitive perspective of transitivity,the present study proposes that the transitivity of a clause is symptomatic of its conceptual bias for temporality and spatiality.By contrasting the syntactic differences between two common verbs in English and Chinese,eat and chi(吃),we find that English clauses are more transitive than their Chinese counterparts,because English clauses are more concerned with preserving the completeness,sequentiality and continuity of energy transfer,while Chinese clauses tend to disrupt the completeness,sequentiality and continuity of energy transfer,and amplify the participants of the event.The differences of transitivity between English and Chinese clauses can further substantiate the underlying difference between the English national mode of pro-temporal thinking and the Chinese national way of pro-spatial thinking.

关 键 词：及物性 时空性 英汉思维差异 EAT 吃 

分 类 号：H314[语言文字—英语] H146