湘西与黔东南苗族传统聚落形态对比研究——以凤凰县与雷山县为例  

Comparative Study on the Traditional Settlement Forms of Miao Ethnic Groups in Western Hu'nan and Southeast Guizhou:A Case Study of Fenghuang County and Leishan County

作　　者：杨光磊 李哲 彭彬 刘哲政 Yang Guanglei;Li Zhe;Peng Bin;Liu Zhezheng

机构地区：[1]中南大学建筑与艺术学院

出　　处：《华中建筑》2024年第2期123-128,共6页Huazhong Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“湘西地区传统民居现代适应性更新技术体系研究”(编号:52078484)。

摘　　要：以湘西凤凰县和黔东南雷山县为例,通过实地调研与数据分析,从历史文化和地理环境角度出发,对湘西与黔东南苗族传统聚落的形态特征进行对比研究,主要涉及分布和布局两个方面。在分布上,以时空演变为视角,在对比湘西与黔东南苗族聚落不同时期发展变化的基础上,通过ArcGIS对空间数据的分析,对比两者聚落点在地势和整体形态上的演变。在布局上,基于聚落与环境的关系对比两者边界与形状特征,并进而分析聚落内部布局的构成要素、空间结构与建筑密度的异同。最后分析形成以上特征的原因,总结出民族源流、社会变迁、地理环境、外界防御、自然信仰五点影响因素。对比研究旨在提升两者文化标识性,进而为保护两地苗族聚落“文化基因”,避免同质化发展提供参考依据。Taking Fenghuang County in western Hu'nan and Leishan County in Southeast Guizhou as examples,through on-site research and data analysis,we compare the morphological characteristics of traditional Miao settlements in western Hu'nan and Southeast Guizhou from the perspectives of historical culture and geographical environment,mainly involving distribution and layout.In terms of distribution,from the perspective of spatiotemporal evolution,based on the comparison of the development and changes of Miao ethnic settlements in western Hu'nan and Southeast Guizhou during different periods,ArcGIS is used to analyze spatial data and compare the evolution of the two settlements in terms of terrain and overall morphology.In terms of layout,based on the relationship between the settlement and the environment,we compare the boundary and shape characteristics of the two,and then analyze the similarities and differences in the constituent elements,spatial structure,and building density of the internal layout of the settlement.Finally,we analyze the reasons for the formation of the above characteristics,and summarize five influencing factors of national origin,social change,geographical environment,external defense,and natural belief.The comparative study aims to enhance the identification of the two,so as to provide a reference basis for protecting the"cultural genes"of Miao settlements in both regions and avoiding homogenization development.

关 键 词：湘西 黔东南 传统聚落 分布与布局 对比 

分 类 号：TU982[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]