生物质基长链含氧燃料的制备与应用  

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF BIOMASS-BASED LONG-CHAIN OXYGENATED FUELS

作　　者：陈佳慧 吴石亮 肖睿[1] Chen Jiahui;Wu Shiliang;Xiao Rui(School of Energy and Environment,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学能源与环境学院,南京211189

出　　处：《力学学报》2023年第12期2768-2778,共11页Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52276176)。

摘　　要：基于全球化石能源紧张问题,着眼于从生物质和光能等可再生能源缓解化石能源的压力并同时减少二氧化碳的排放.生物质作为含碳的可再生能源,在燃料制备方面具有独特的地位.生物质热解/水解后产物复杂,涉及到醇、酸和醛等多种有机物,而这些有机物大多品质较低,不能作为燃料直接使用.与碳氢燃料相比,含氧燃料更适合在内缸中燃烧,促进燃烧的深度,减少氧气供应量和由于不完全燃烧产生的废渣.由生物质制备长链含氧燃料不仅原料低廉,还能充分利用生物质解聚后多种品质较低的含氧有机物.文章简单分类介绍了常见生物质衍生物醛酮、醇醚和羧酸类代表物质的制备路径及应用领域,详细总结了这些含氧衍生物通过醛羟缩合、烷基化、齐聚化、酮基化、Diels-Alder反应和还原醚化等不同化学手段进行碳链加长的方法路径.在保证一定含氧量的前提下,增大反应物的碳链长度,提高热值,尽可能与现有化石燃料主要成分匹配.根据不同提质路径的特点,将以上6大路径分为3类并给出每一类路径的适用条件.通过对最新生物质领域的长链含氧化合物合成路径的综合评价为生物质长链含氧燃料的发展提供参考借鉴.Due to the global lack of fossil fuels,renewable energy sources like biomass and solar energy are being investigated in an effort to reduce carbon dioxide emissions while relieving the pressure on fossil fuels.Biomass has a special role in the manufacturing of fuel because it is a renewable energy source that contains carbon.Complex organic compounds,including alcohols,acids,and aldehydes,are present in the results of biomass pyrolysis and hydrolysis.The majority of these organic materials are of poor grade and cannot be used as fuel right once.Compared to hydrocarbon fuels,oxygenated fuels are more suitable for combustion in inner cylinders because of their ability to promote the depth of combustion,reduce the oxygen supply and the slag due to the incomplete combustion.The preparation of long chain oxygen-containing fuels from biomass not only has low raw materials,but also fully utilizes various lower quality oxygen-containing organic compounds after biomass depolymerization.In this article,common aldehydes,ketones,alcohols,ethers,and carboxylic acids formed from biomaterials are briefly categorized and introduced,along with the preparation processes and application domains.The methods for carbon chain elongation of these derivatives with oxygen by various chemical processes,such as aldehyde condensation,alkylation,polymerization,ketone production,Diels-Alder reaction,and reduction etherification,are also summarized in detail.The heating value can be raised and the material can be as closely matched to the primary constituents of existing fossil fuels as possible by lengthening the carbon chain of the reactants while maintaining a certain oxygen content.The aforementioned six pathways are divided into three groups in this article based on the features of various upgrading pathways,along with the conditions that each category must meet.This work serves as a guide for the development of biomass long-chain oxygen-containing fuels by thoroughly analyzing the synthesis pathways of long-chain oxygen-containing chemic

关 键 词：生物质 含氧燃料 碳链增长 新能源 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能]