等离子体能助力中国工业碳中和  

THE PLASMA ENERGY ROUTE TO INDUSTRIAL CARBON NEUTRALITY IN CHINA

作　　者：夏维东[1,2] 施凯 王城[2,4] 王昊敏 陈仙辉 Xia Weidong;Shi Kai;Wang Cheng;Wang Haomin;Chen Xianhui(Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Carbon Neutral Research Institute,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;School of Chemestry and Materials Science,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Anhui Provincial Development and Reform Commission,Hefei 230001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学热科学和能源工程系,合肥230026 [2]中国科学技术大学碳中和研究院,合肥230026 [3]中国科学技术大学化学与材料科学学院,合肥230026 [4]安徽省发展改革委员会,合肥230001

出　　处：《力学学报》2023年第12期2779-2795,共17页Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12035015,11875256);中国科学院先导计划基金(XDA29040800)资助项目.

摘　　要：中国重工业二氧化碳排放占比超过70%.等离子体能技术对重工业“碳中和”可以发挥重大作用.本文对等离子体能技术发展历史及现状进行综述.针对重工业的二氧化碳排放及可再生能源电力波动性问题,提出基于可再生能源电力产生等离子体能供热的传统工业低碳流程再造的技术路线:在高炉腰腹下端或炉旁、水泥窑分解炉下部或炉旁分别安装等离子体反应器;将高炉、水泥旋窑分解炉排出的煤气净化处理和CO_(2)分离;将分离出的CO_(2)与生物质或煤粉送入等离子体反应器,由等离子体加热生成高温煤气:高温煤气进入高炉作为铁矿石还原剂并提供炼铁所需能量;在分解炉内高温煤气热解碳酸盐,并对分解炉下行的生料预热;分离出CO_(2)的纯煤气用于燃料、化工合成原料,和/或高效燃气蒸气联合循环发电调峰;配备电解水制氢用于补充煤气化工合成氢源,制氢和等离子体能可作为深度可调电力负荷;快速启停等离子体气化煤制乙炔代替电石乙炔工艺.分析了流程的经济技术性,提出了低碳流程再造相关的等离子体能关键技术问题.基于等离子体能的传统工业低碳流程再造,结合电解水制氢,构建了钢铁冶金、水泥企业能源系统及至工业能源互联网,实现传统工业化石燃料替代、CO_(2)高效转化利用和可再生能源电力波动功率平衡,从而助力中国重工业碳中和.China's heavy industry accounts for more than 70%of carbon dioxide emissions.Plasma technology could play a major role in"carbon neutrality"in heavy industry.In this paper,the development history and present situation of plasma energy technology are reviewed.Aiming at the problem of carbon dioxide emission in heavy industry and the fluctuation of renewable energy power,the technical route of traditional industrial low-carbon process reengineering based on plasma heat generated by renewable energy power is proposed:plasma reactors are installed in the lower part or side of blast furnace and cement kiln decomposition furnace.The gas discharged from blast furnace and cement rotary kiln is purified and CO_(2) is separated.The separated CO_(2),with biomass or pulverized coal,are sent to the plasma reactor,which is heated to produce high temperature gas.The high temperature gas enters the blast furnace as an iron ore reducing agent and provides the energy required for iron making.The carbonates are pyrolyzed by gas at high temperature in the calciner,and the raw materials under the calciner are preheated.The pure gas from which CO_(2) is separated is used as fuel,chemical synthesis raw material,and/or high efficiency gas vapor combined cycle power generation for peaking;It is equipped with electrolytic water for hydrogen production to supplement the gas chemical synthesis hydrogen source,and the hydrogen production and plasma can be used as the depth adjustable power load;Quick start and stop process of plasma coal gasification to produce acetylene instead of calcium carbide acetylene.The economic technology of the process is analyzed,and the key technical problems of plasma energy related to low carbon process reengineering are put forward.The traditional industrial low-carbon process reengineering based on plasma energy,combined with water electrolysis to produce hydrogen,builds the energy system of iron and steel metallurgy,cement enterprises and industrial energy internet,that realizes the replacement of traditiona

关 键 词：等离子体能 电弧热等离子体 碳中和 工业加热 二氧化碳利用 电力负荷调节 化学储能 工业能源 互联网 氢能 

分 类 号：O53[理学—等离子体物理]