不同梅品种花果特性分析与评价  

Analysis and evaluation of flower and fruit characteristics of different Prunus mume cultivars

作　　者：王爽 董彬[1,2] 王艺光 赵宏波[1,2] WANG Shuang;DONG Bin;WANG Yiguang;ZHAO Hongbo(College of Landscape and Architecture,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,Zhejiang,China;Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院,浙江杭州311300 [2]浙江农林大学浙江省园林植物种质创新与利用重点实验室,浙江杭州311300

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2024年第1期113-123,共11页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：“十四五”浙江省花卉新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C02071-1)。

摘　　要：【目的】梅Prunusmume是花果兼用型植物,在国内广泛应用。评价不同梅品种,为花果兼用梅品种选育以及梅果实加工利用提供依据。【方法】以梅28个品种为研究对象,测定其花部性状、结实量、果实品质指标,运用主成分分析与聚类分析法进行综合评价。【结果】28个梅品种花径为19.14-31.38 mm,花瓣数量为5-23枚,花色以白色品种占比最大。不同梅品种结实量差异较大,其中‘丽江照水’‘玉龙红翡’‘玉龙绯雪’易结实。不同梅品种果实外观品质与内在品质均存在差异。对28个品种进行主成分分析,16个指标简化为4个公因子,方差解释百分比为80.77%;综合得分表明:‘蝶羽重’‘骨里红’‘单粉垂枝’‘红颜朱砂’‘ZAFU-CZ02’‘江梅’‘丽江照水’得分较高;对28个品种进行系统聚类分析,结果表明:当欧氏距离为24时,梅品种可分为6类。综合主成分与聚类分析结果,筛选出‘单粉垂枝’‘丽江照水’‘骨里红’‘红颜朱砂’4个优良的花果兼用梅品种。【结论】不同梅品种花部性状、结实量及果实品质均存在差异。综合花部性状、结实量、果实品质可知:‘单粉垂枝’‘丽江照水’花单瓣,易结实,果实综合品质最佳,适宜作为果品加工的花果兼用梅品种;‘骨里红’‘红颜朱砂’花色艳丽,半重瓣,较易结实,适宜作为实生选种的花果兼用梅品种。[Objective]Prunus mume is an ornamental and fruit plant widely cultivated in China.The aim of this study is to select and evaluate P.mume cultivars with both flower and fruit functions,so as to provide basis for fruit processing and utilization.[Method]The 28 P.mume cultivars were selected as research object.Flower traits,fruiting capacity,fruit quality indexes were measured and evaluated by principal component analysis and cluster analysis.[Result]The flower diameter of 28 cultivars ranged from 19.14 to 31.38 mm,with 5−23 petals.White cultivars accounted for the largest proportion.There were significant differences in fruit setting among P.mume cultivars,with‘Lijiang Zhaoshui’,‘Yulong Hongfei’and‘Yulong Feixue’being more prone to fruit setting.In addition,there were differences in fruit appearance and internal quality among different P.mume cultivars.Principal component analysis was conducted on 28 cultivars,and 16 indexes were simplified into 4 common factors,with a variance explanation percentage of 82.72%.The comprehensive scores showed that‘Die Yuchong’,‘Gu Lihong’,‘Danfen Chuizhi’,‘Hongyan Zhusha’,‘ZAFU-CZ02’,‘Jiangmei’and‘Lijiang Zhaoshui’had higher scores.Cluster analysis showed that when the Euclidean distance was 24,P.mume cultivars could be divided into 6 groups.Based on the results of principal component and cluster analysis,4 excellent varieties for both flower and fruit use were selected,including‘Danfen Chuizhi’,‘Lijiang Zhaoshui’,‘Gu Lihong’,and‘Hongyan Zhusha’.[Conclusion]There are differences in flower traits,fruit setting and fruit quality among different P.mume cultivars.According to the comprehensive characteristics of the flower,fruit yield,and fruit quality,it can be concluded that‘Danfen Chuizhi’and‘Lijiang Zhaoshui’are easy to bear fruit and have the best comprehensive fruit quality.They are excellent suitable for both flower and fruit.‘Gu Lihong’and‘Hongyan Zhusha’have bright flower color,with semi double petals an

关 键 词：梅品种 花果兼用 主成分分析 聚类分析 综合评价 

分 类 号：S603[农业科学—园艺学] S685.17