搅拌摩擦焊在轨道交通领域的应用现状与发展前景  

The application and development of friction stir welding in rail transit field

作　　者：翟明 宋宏图 石磊[2] 任金雷 李政 石孟雷 ZHAI Ming;SONG Hongtu;SHI Lei;REN Jinlei;LI Zheng;SHI Menglei(Metals and Chemistry Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100081,China;MOE Key Lab for Liquid-Solid Structure Evolution and Materials Processing,Shandong University,Jinan 250061,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所,北京100081 [2]山东大学材料液固结构演变与加工教育部重点实验室,山东济南250061

出　　处：《金属加工（热加工）》2024年第1期1-7,共7页MW Metal Forming

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFB2601000);国铁集团科技研究开发计划(J2021G10)。

摘　　要：从搅拌头几何特征对焊接过程的影响、动车组车体部件的搅拌摩擦焊与钢轨的搅拌摩擦焊3方面总结了搅拌摩擦焊技术在轨道交通领域的应用现状与发展前景。在搅拌摩擦焊过程中,搅拌头几何特征会影响焊接产热与材料流动,进而影响接头性能。因此,应合理设计搅拌头的轴肩形状与尺寸、搅拌针形状与尺寸及搅拌针螺纹。目前,动车组车体部件主要材质为铝合金,其搅拌摩擦焊工艺已较成熟。随着交通运载装备制造领域对轻量化的需求进一步增大,部分车体部件中开始采用镁合金,其搅拌摩擦焊是未来的研究方向。其中,铝-镁异质合金中对于IMCs的调控是研究重点。在钢轨搅拌摩擦焊方面,采用低转速与低焊接速度的方式,可以抑制马氏体组织形成,满足中国铁道行业标准的要求。在此基础上提升焊接效率,是未来研究的关键。In this paper,the application and development of friction stir welding(FSW)in rail transit field are comprehensively reviewed from three aspects.Including the influence of tool geometry on welding process,FSW of multiple-unit train body parts and FSW of rail steel.The tool geometry can affect the heat generation and materials flow in FSW process,and subsequently affect the joint quality.Therefore,it is imperative to reasonably design the shape and size of the shoulder and pin,and the thread of the pin.At present,aluminum(Al)alloy is the predominant material used in multi-unit train body parts,and its FSW technique has been widely applied.With the increasing demand for lightweight in the field of vehicle manufacturing,magnesium(Mg)alloy is beginning to be used in some multiple-unit train body parts,which results in the FSW of Mg alloy become the future research aspect.What’s more,the control mechanism of intermetallic compounds(IMCs)in Al/Mg dissimilar alloys is critical challenge.In the FSW of rail steel,the formation of martensite can be suppressed by adopting low rotating rate and welding speed.Which can meet the requirements of China railway industrial standard.In the future,it still need improve the welding efficiency.

关 键 词：搅拌摩擦焊 铝合金 镁合金 钢轨钢 

分 类 号：TG453.9[金属学及工艺—焊接] U266[机械工程—车辆工程] U213.92[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]