竹质纤维形态对聚乳酸基竹塑复合材料性能的影响  

Effects of bamboo fiber species on properties of polylactic acid based bamboo plastic composites

作　　者：龚新怀 黄垚焜[1] 葛良望 蔡佳栩 金富露 肖峰 GONG Xinhuai;HUANG Yaokun;GE Liangwang;CAI Jiaxu;JIN Fulu;XIAO Feng(Ecology and Resources Engineering College,Wuyi University,Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Bamboo Ecological Industry,Wuyishan 354300,China;College of Material Science and Engineering,Huaqiao University,Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials,Ministry of Education,Xiamen 361021,China)

机构地区：[1]武夷学院生态与资源工程学院,福建省竹生态产业协同创新中心,福建武夷山354300 [2]华侨大学材料科学与工程学院,环境友好功能材料教育部工程研究中心,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《工程塑料应用》2024年第1期32-37,共6页Engineering Plastics Application

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金面上项目(2018J01445,2021J011140);福建省大学生创新训练计划项目(S202210397039);福建省本科教研项目(FBJG20210037);武夷学院教科研项目(JG202124,YJ201810,2020-SSTD-009)。

摘　　要：为高值化利用竹材加工剩余物资源,以聚乳酸(PLA)为基体,竹粉纤维(BF)、竹屑纤维(BS)、竹原纤维(BN)与竹浆纤维(BP)为填料,采用密炼-注塑工艺制备了四种竹塑复合材料,研究了竹质纤维种类对其结构与性能的影响。研究结果显示,BP与BN纤维长径比更大,BS中颗粒形态较多,BF与BS质地较刚硬。BF、BN与PLA共混熔体的混炼扭矩更大,PLA/BP复合材料吸水率最大。BF,BS,BN与PLA的界面相容性较好,其添加改善了复合材料的力学性能,而BP添加降低了复合材料的力学性能。与PLA相比,在纤维质量分数为30%时,PLA/BF,PLA/BS与PLA/BN复合材料拉伸强度分别提高了17.85%,13.6%,11.89%,冲击强度分别提高24.33%,18.70%,35.57%,弯曲强度分别提高19.45%,21.45%,4.99%。PLA/BF复合材料的综合力学性能最优,其次为PLA/BS复合材料,PLA/BP复合材料最差。研究可为竹塑复合材料的开发与应用提供有益参考。In order to make high-valued use of the bamboo processing waste,four kinds of bamboo filler/polylactic acid(PLA) composites were manufactured by melt blending method with PLA as matrix,bamboo flour(BF),bamboo scarps(BS),bamboo nature fiber(BN) and bamboo pulp fiber(BP) as fillers,the effects of fiber morphology on the structure and properties of the composites were studied.The results show that BP and BN show a higher length-diameter ratio,and most of the BS are particle shape,the texture of BF and BS are more rigid.The blends of the BF and BN composited with PLA show a higher torque,the water absorption rate of PLA/BP composites are highest compared with other composites.BF,BS,and BN are well interfacial combined with PLA matrix and the mechanical properties of the composites are improved by the addition of the three kinds of bamboo fibers,while the addition of BP reduced the mechanical properties of the composites.Compared to the pure PLA materials,the tensile strength of PLA/BF,PLA/BS,and PLA/BN composites are increased by 17.85%,13.6% and 11.89% with 30% content of bamboo fillers,the impact strength are increased by 24.33%,18.70% and 35.57%,and the bending strength are increased by 19.45%,21.45%and 4.99% respectively.The comprehensive mechanical properties of PLA/BF composites are the best,which are followed by PLA/BS composites,and the PLA/BP composites are the worst.This study can provide useful reference for the development and application of plastic-bamboo composites.

关 键 词：竹塑复合材料 竹纤维 聚乳酸 微观形态 力学性能 

分 类 号：TQ323.4[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]