黄河三角洲重度盐碱地甜高粱品种筛选和配套施肥技术研究  

Selection of Sweet Sorghum Varieties and Corresponding Fertilization Techniques in Severe Saline-alkali Land of the Yellow River Delta

作　　者：陈昱桦 王景亭 李孟 梁培琪 程明涛 乔一鸣 张锐爽 CHEN Yuhua;WANG Jingting;LI Meng;LIANG Peiqi;CHENG Mingtao;QIAO Yiming;ZHANG Ruishuang(Dongying Vocational Institute,Dongying Shandong 257091)

机构地区：[1]东营职业学院,山东东营257091

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2024年第3期1-5,共5页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项子课题“黄三角草牧业研究基地建设和产业模式研究”(XDA26050203)。

摘　　要：为了探索重度盐碱地甜高粱的种植技术,为黄河三角洲重度盐碱地甜高粱的栽培推广提供理论依据和技术支持,本研究以中国科学院科甜系列甜高粱品种为研究对象,针对重度盐碱地,从种植品种、肥料配比和有机肥类型3个方面开展了试验。结果表明:在重度盐碱地种植科甜13、科甜22、科甜41、科甜42、科甜43这5个甜高粱品种,科甜41产量最高,达到82.87 t/hm^(2);其次是科甜13,产量为66.28 t/hm^(2)。在重度盐碱地肥料配比试验中,基肥施用复合肥300 kg/hm^(2)+有机肥15 t/hm^(2)处理、有机肥30 t/hm^(2)处理、复合肥300 kg/hm^(2)+有机肥30 t/hm^(2)处理均能显著提升重度盐碱地甜高粱产量,基肥施用有机肥30 t/hm^(2)处理产量最高,达到73.16 t/hm^(2),较不施肥对照增产64.0%。在重度盐碱地有机肥类型试验中,施用牛粪、有机肥和海藻肥均能提升重度盐碱地甜高粱产量,在相同投入成本下,施用海藻肥处理产量最高,为67.88 t/hm^(2),较不施肥对照增产39.8%。综上考虑,在黄河三角洲重度盐碱地可选择科甜13和科甜41两个耐盐碱甜高粱品种,基肥施用普通有机肥或者牛粪15 t/hm^(2)以上同时配施复合肥,有机肥可选择微生物有效活菌数≥5亿个/g的高品质海藻肥替代普通有机肥进行甜高粱种植,能获得较高的产量。In order to explore the planting technology of sweet sorghum in severe saline-alkali land,and provide theoretical basis and technical support for the cultivation and promotion of sweet sorghum in severe saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Delta,this study took the sweet sorghum varieties of Ketian series of the Chinese Academy of Sciences as the research objects,and carried out experiments from three aspects of planting variety,fertilizer ratio and organic fertilizer type in severe saline-alkali land.The results showed that among the five sweet sorghum varieties of Ketian 13,Ketian 22,Ketian 41,Ketian 42,and Ketian 43 planted in severe saline-alkali land,Ketian 41 had the highest yield,reaching 82.87 t/hm^(2);the next was Ketian 13,with a yield of 66.28 t/hm^(2).In the fertilizer ratio experiment in severe saline-alkali land,the basal fertilizer treatments of composite fertilizer 300 kg/hm^(2)+organic fertilizer 15 t/hm^(2),organic fertilizer 30 t/hm^(2),composite fertilizer 300 kg/hm^(2)+organic fertilizer 30 t/hm^(2) all significantly increased the yield of sweet sorghum in severe saline-alkali land.The basal fertilizer application of organic fertilizer 30 t/hm^(2) had the highest yield,reaching 73.16 t/hm^(2),which increased the yield by 64.0%compared with the non fertilized control.In the organic fertilizer type experiment in severe saline-alkali land,the application of cow manure,organic fertilizer,and seaweed fertilizer could all increase the yield of sweet sorghum in severe saline-alkali land.Under the same input cost,the application of seaweed fertilizer had the highest yield(67.88 t/hm^(2)),which was 39.8%higher than that of the non fertilized control.Based on the above considerations,two saline-alkali tolerant sweet sorghum varieties of Ketian 13 and Ketian 41 can be selected in severe saline-alkali land of the Yellow River Delta.Common organic fertilizer or cow manure more than 15 t/hm^(2) can be used as the basal fertilizer and combined with compound fertilizer.High-quality seaweed fertilizer with

关 键 词：甜高粱 品种 施肥技术 产量 农艺性状 盐碱地 黄河三角洲 

分 类 号：S514.037[农业科学—作物学]