极端高温天气条件下不同鲜食玉米品种的种植表现  

Planting Performance of Different Fresh Corn Varieties Under Extreme High-temperature Weather Conditions

作　　者：苏彩霞[1] 栾春荣[1] 张旭 陈维娟 赵本真 洪斌[1] 刘明义 SU Caixia;LUAN Chunrong;ZHANG Xu;CHEN Weijuan;ZHAO Benzhen;HONG Bin;LIU Mingyi(Taixing Agricultural Science Research Institute,Taixing Jiangsu 225433;Gensi Township Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Taixing City,Taixing Jiangsu 225433)

机构地区：[1]泰兴市农业科学研究所,江苏泰兴225433 [2]泰兴市根思乡农业农村局,江苏泰兴225433

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2024年第3期20-25,共6页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：江苏省现代农业产业技术体系项目(JATS[2023]287);2023年省以上转移支付农业项目“地方特色农作物种质资源保存”。

摘　　要：为科学选择适宜鲜食玉米/鲜食大豆带状复合种植的耐密、抗病、抗倒的鲜食玉米品种,为玉米大豆带状复合种植技术示范推广提供品种支撑,开展了11个鲜食玉米品种与鲜食大豆的带状复合种植试验。结果表明:在2022年夏季极端高温且持续时间较长的气候条件下,鲜食玉米/鲜食大豆带状复合种植模式下不同鲜食玉米品种在双穗率、空秆率等植株性状及千粒鲜重、出籽率、结实率等产量性状上差异明显,其中晶白甜糯、虞珑糯1612、苏玉糯5号、苏科糯1801、苏科糯1901这5个品种结实率较高,表现出较强的耐高温能力;苏甜糯818、斯达糯41、扬甜糯104结实率较低,表现出较低的耐高温能力。复种区各玉米品种鲜穗产量在7332~11440 kg/hm^(2)之间,除苏科糯1801、晶白甜糯较对照苏玉糯5号(CK)略增产外,其他各品种均较对照苏玉糯5号(CK)减产,减产幅度在1.53%~34.58%之间,以苏甜糯818、苏科糯1501减产最严重。清种区各玉米品种鲜穗产量在7638.89~14828.70 kg/hm^(2)之间,除苏科糯1801较对照苏玉糯5号(CK)略增产1.42%外,其他各品种均较对照苏玉糯5号(CK)减产,减产幅度在0.95%~47.75%之间,以苏科糯1501减产最严重。In order to scientifically select dense,disease resistant,and lodging resistant fresh corn varieties suitable for strip composite cropping of fresh corn/fresh soybean,and to provide variety support for the demonstration and promotion of strip composite cropping technology of corn and soybean,strip composite cropping experiment was conducted on 11 fresh corn varieties with fresh soybean.The results showed that,under the extremely high-temperature and long-lasting climate conditions in the summer of 2022,different fresh corn varieties under the strip composite cropping mode of fresh corn/fresh soybean had significant differences in plant traits such as double ear rate and empty stem rate,as well as yield traits such as 1000-grain fresh weight,seed emergence rate,and seed setting rate.Among them,five varieties,including Jingbai Tiannuo,Yulongnuo 1612,Suyunuo 5,Sukenuo 1801,and Sukenuo 1901,had higher seed setting rates,and exhibited strong high-temperature resistance;Sutiannuo 818,Sidanuo 41,and Yangtiannuo 104 had lower seed setting rates and exhibited lower high-temperature tolerance.The fresh ear yield of various corn varieties in the multiple cropping area ranged from 7332 to 11440 kg/hm^(2).Compared with the control Suyunuo 5(CK),the yield of Sukenuo 1801 and Jingbai Tiannuo slightly increased the yield of other varieties reduced,with a reduction range of 1.53%to 34.58%.Sukenuo 818 and Sukenuo 1501 had the most severe reduction in yield.The fresh ear yield of various corn varieties in the single cropping area ranged from 7638.89 to 14828.70 kg/hm^(2).Compared with the control Suyunuo 5(CK),the yield of Sukenuo 1801 slightly increased by 1.42%,the yield of other varieties reduced,with a reduction range of 0.95%to 47.75%.Sukenuo 1501 had the most severe reduction in yield.

关 键 词：极端高温天气 鲜食玉米/鲜食大豆带状复合种植模式 玉米品种 性状 产量 

分 类 号：S513.037[农业科学—作物学] S565.1