锗元素及其同位素的发现:科学方法与科学思想的融合  

The Discovery of Germanium and Its Isotopes:The Fusion of Scientific Method and Scientific Thought

作　　者：张艳辉 袁振东[1] Zhang Yanhui;Yuan Zhendong(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang,453007)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学化学化工学院,新乡453007

出　　处：《化学通报》2024年第1期122-127,共6页Chemistry

摘　　要：1871年,门捷列夫依据元素周期律预见了“类硅”(eka-silicon)的存在及其性质。1885年,德国分析化学家文克勒在对硫银锗矿进行分析时,意识到一种新元素的存在。至1886年2月6日,文克勒成功制取出金属单质,并将其命名为锗(Germanium)。在对锗元素的性质进行测定后,证实它正是门捷列夫所预见的“类硅”,从而证明了元素周期律的预见功能。20世纪20年代以后,锗同位素的发现使人们对锗元素有了新认识。总之,锗元素及其同位素的发现不仅是科学知识不断积累的结果,也是科学方法与科学思想相互融合的结晶。In 1871,Mendeleev predicted the existence and properties of germanium and named it‘eka-silicon’.In 1885,The German analytical chemist Winkler realized the existence of a new element when he analyzed the ore called‘Argyrodite’.By 1886,Winkler successfully produced the metal element and named it Germanium.After the properties of Germanium were determined,it was confirmed that it was exactly the‘eka-silicon’predicted by Mendeleev.Thus,the predictive function of the periodic law of the elements is proved.After the 1920s,the discovery of Germanium isotopes is not only the result of the accumulation of scientific knowledge,but also the crystallization of the fusion of scientific methods and ideas.

关 键 词：锗元素 锗同位素 科学思想 科学方法 

分 类 号：O614.431[理学—无机化学]