毛乌素沙地沙漠化逆转过程中土壤组分及微量元素含量变化特征  

Characteristics of changes in soil components and trace element contents during the reversal of desertification in Mu Us Sandy Land

作　　者：冯佳新 吴月茹 乔硕 刘茜雅 王海兵 Feng Jiaxin;Wu Yueru;Qiao Shuo;Liu Xiya;Wang Haibing(Key Laboratory of Wind and Sand Physics and Sand Control Engineering,College of Desert Management,Inner Mongo-lia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院风沙物理与防沙治沙工程重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2024年第1期218-227,共10页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2019ZD007)。

摘　　要：通过遥感解译方法构建毛乌素沙地沙漠化差值指数,并按照自然断裂法将毛乌素沙地土地分为非、轻度、中度、重度和极重度沙漠化类型,代表沙漠化逆转的不同阶段。根据反演结果,应用空间代替时间的方法,对不同沙漠化类型土壤进行样品采集并进行实验室分析,从而揭示毛乌素沙地沙漠化逆转过程及其对土壤组分和有效态Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn含量的影响。结果表明:1986—2021年毛乌素沙地沙漠化发生逆转,沙漠化土地面积由1986年的47877.81 km^(2)缩减至2021年的45914.06 km^(2),以每年56.11 km^(2)的速率逆转,实施一系列工程对毛乌素沙地生态系统重建成效明显;随沙漠化程度减弱,土壤粒径组分逐渐减小,微量元素含量逐渐增加,沙漠化逆转的过程实质上是土壤细粒化及微量元素富集的过程;由于工程实施的不均匀性,1980年以来,毛乌素沙地区域逆转程度不尽相同,沙漠化逆转显著的代表区域有鄂托克旗的召稍乡、乌审旗的嘎鲁图苏木、伊金霍洛旗的台格苏木,其土壤黏粒、粉粒和有效Cu、Mn、Zn含量显著增加,土壤砂粒、有效Fe含量显著减小。显然,沙漠化逆转过程使毛乌素沙地土壤结构变细,土壤质量显著提高。By constructing the DDI of desertification index in Mu Us Sandy Land in 2021 by remote sensing in-terpretation,and classifying the land in Mu Us Sandy Land into five desertification types according to the natural fracture method,namely non-,light,moderate,heavy and very heavy desertification,representing different stages of desertification reversal,and applying the spatial instead of temporal method to collect samples and con-duct laboratory analysis on different desertification types of soils according to the inversion results.In order to re-veal the process of reversal of desertification in Mu Us Sandy Land and its effects on soil components and effec-tive state Cu,Fe,Mn and Zn contents.The results show that the desertification of the Mu Us Sandy Land revers-es from 1986 to 2021,and the desertified land area shrinks from 47877.81 km^(2)in 1986 to 45914.06 km^(2)in 2021,with a reversal rate of 56.11 km^(2)per year,and the implementation of a series of projects is effective in re-building the ecosystem of the Mu Us Sandy Land;as the desertification decreases,the soil particle size fraction the process of reversal of desertification is essentially the process of soil fine-grained and enrichment of trace ele-ments;due to the unevenness of the implemented projects,the degree of reversal of Mu Us Sandy Land has been different since 1980,and the representative areas with significant reversal of desertification are Zhaoshao Town-ship in Ertok Banner,Garutu Sumu in Uttarakhand Banner,and Taig Sumu in Ijinholo Banner,whose soil clay particles,powder particles and effective Cu,Mn and Zn increased significantly,and the content of soil sand grain and effective Fe decreased significantly.Obviously,the reversal process of desertification in the Mu Us Sandy Land has resulted in a finer soil structure and a significant improvement in soil quality.

关 键 词：沙漠化逆转 土壤组分 微量元素 毛乌素沙地 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]