权宜之计抑或权利扩张:学前教育立法中的托育服务  

Expediency or Rights Expansion:Childcare Services in Preschool Education Legislation

作　　者：张力[1] 夏心盈 ZHANG Li;XIA Xinying(School of Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《杭州师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期86-95,103,共11页Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金项目“北京市社会治理领域地方立法研究”(23GJC003)、中国政法大学钱端升杰出学者支持计划资助项目的研究成果。

摘　　要：国家在2023年重拾学前教育立法工作,并公布了《学前教育法(草案)》,学前教育与托育服务被法条明文分离切割。实际上托育服务自20世纪末式微之后,并非无法可依,而是在一定程度上寄身于学前教育立法以获取发展空间与法律支持,尤其是在地方立法中呈现出类型多样的立法模式。尽管对于部分地方立法将托育服务纳入学前教育制度的立法技术,在特定历史阶段下应肯定其必要性与合理性,但作为填补立法空白的权宜之计,该立法技术也日渐暴露出了覆盖范围有限、“过度学习”风险、保障水平较低等诸多现实问题。有鉴于此,托育服务专项立法势在必行,其根本实现路径是从基本权利保护的视角出发,承认获得托育服务权是一项有别于受教育权的基本权利,明确权能内涵,具体化相对应的各类国家义务。In 2023,China has resumed legislation on preschool education and has published the draft of the Preschool Education Law,in which preschool education and childcare services are explicitly separated from each other by legal provisions.However,since its decline at the end of the 20th century,childcare services,though with laws within its scope to follow,have to some extent been dependent on preschool education legislation for development space and legal support,especially in local legislation,which has shown a variety of legislative models.Although the legislative technique of incorporating childcare services into the preschool education system in some local legislations should be recognized for its necessity and rationality in a specific historical stage,as a stopgap measure to fill the legislative gap,this legislative technique has been exposed to many practical problems such as limited coverage,the risk of“over-learning”,and low level of protection.Therefore,it is important for us to recognize that childcare services have been incorporated into the pre-school education system in some local legislations.In view of this,special legislation on childcare services is imperative,and the fundamental implementation path is to start from the perspective of fundamental rights protection,recognizing that the right to childcare services is a fundamental right distinct from the right to education,clarifying the connotations of the right,and concretizing the corresponding obligations of the State.

关 键 词：托育服务 学前教育 《学前教育法(草案)》 《托育服务法》 获得托育服务权 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] G61[政治法律—法学]