重思价值  

Rethinking the Concept of Value

作　　者：江畅 JIANG Chang(Political Philosophy Research Center,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学政治学部,武汉430079

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期58-72,共15页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“新时代公务员行政伦理建设研究”(19BZX121)。

摘　　要：价值关系和价值是宇宙中普遍存在的,而非人所特有。价值实质上是一事物满足他事物需要或有利于他事物生存发展的性质,其本性在于对他物作出贡献。“善”在哲学史上曾一直被视为基本价值词,价值概念凸显后,“善”成为表示道德价值的词,而日常意义上的“好”仍然与“价值”大致同义。价值可划分为事物价值与人类价值,人类价值有其特殊性,这尤其体现在人根据自己的需要构想和创造价值物、人将自己设定为价值主体、以自身的需要或欲望为尺度判断价值等方面。价值性质不可能独立存在,总要以某物作为它的载体,价值载体就是具有价值性质的价值物。事物对他事物的有害性可视为价值的对立面——负价值。宇宙事物自然产生负价值具有不可避免性,但人为的负价值则可以避免或减少。Value relations and value are universal in the universe,not unique to human beings.In essence,value is the nature of a thing that it can meet the needs of other things or be conducive to the survival and development of other things.Its nature is to meet the needs of other things or make contributions to other things.The word of “good” has always been regarded as a basic word of value in history.After the value concept came out,“good” became a word to express moral value,and “good” in the daily sense is still roughly synonymous with “value”.Value can be divided into the value of things and human value.Human value has its own particularity:It is usually the value recognized by people,not necessarily the objective value of things to humans.Humans increasingly process and transform natural things into things of value suitable for their own needs,and conceive and manufacture things of value according to their own needs.Humans set their own value as the highest value,and set themselves as the subject of value,and judge the value based on their own needs or desires.Many of the values pursued by human beings are the unique conceptual state of human beings,rather than the objective nature of things.The value nature of a thing determines its value and merits.Things that are harmful to others have negative value.The imperfection of things generated by the evolution of the universe is the ultimate source of negative value.The natural negative value of things in the universe is inevitable,but the artificial negative value can be avoided or reduced.

关 键 词：价值 善 人类价值 价值载体 负价值 

分 类 号：B018[哲学宗教—哲学理论]