地下矿山非爆机械化智能采掘  

Non-explosive mechanized and intelligent mining/heading in underground mine

作　　者：王少锋[1] 吴毓萌 石鑫垒 Shao-feng WANG;Yu-meng WU;Xin-lei SHI(School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源与安全工程学院,长沙410083

出　　处：《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》2024年第1期265-282,共18页中国有色金属学报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52174099);the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province, China (No. 2023RC3050)。

摘　　要：非爆机械化采掘是替代传统钻爆法进行深部硬岩开挖的一种新方法,其智能化升级包括智能感知、智能决策和智能控制。在综合分析岩石采掘工程涉及的两大问题(破碎和稳定)和三大要素(环境条件、岩体特性、采掘参数)的基础上,建立包括岩体及环境特性原位监测、硬岩可切割性改善、采掘参数智能控制和采掘表现性能评价在内的非爆机械化智能采掘工艺,以实现岩石采掘装备的机械化、自动化、无人化,采掘工艺的连续化、精细化、协同化,以及采掘管理的信息化、数字化、智能化。此外,建立非爆机械化智能采掘PDCA循环管理模式,通过深部高应力诱导利用和能量调控、硬岩诱变改性降危增割和多源载荷联合破岩3个子循环的协同,实现地下矿山安全高效采掘。The non-explosive mechanized mining and heading is an alternative approach to traditional drilling and blasting method for excavating the deep hard rock,the intellectualized upgrade of which includes smart perception,wise decision and intelligent control.Based on the comprehensive analyses for two key problems(rock breakage and rock stability)and three key factors(environmental conditions,rock properties and excavation parameters),the process of non-explosive mechanized and intelligent mining and heading was established,which included in-situ monitoring,cuttability improvement,intelligent control and performance evaluation to achieve mechanization,automation and unmanned fully-automation for equipment,continuation,refinement and collaboration for process,and informatization,digitization and smartization for management.In addition,the PDCA(Plan-Do-Check-Adjust)cycle and its associated sub-cycles were established to manage the process of non-explosive mechanized and intelligent mining and heading.Through the cyclic managements for deep high stress induced utilization and energy regulation,mutagenesis modification for risk reduction and cuttability improvement of hard rock,and multi-source rock breakage,the safe and efficient mining and heading in underground mine can be achieved.

关 键 词：深部开采 非爆机械化开挖 智能采掘 采掘工艺 管理模式 

分 类 号：TD803[矿业工程—矿山开采]