换头节次对日光温室长季节栽培番茄生长及产量的影响  

Effects of Pinching Position and Frequency on Growth and Yield of Tomato under Long-season Cultivation in Solar Greenhouse

作　　者：李楠 刘希港 李静 季托 魏珉[1,3] 杨凤娟 LI Nan;LIU Xigang;LI Jing;JI Tuo;WEI Min;YANG Fengjuan(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China;Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops(Huanghuai Region),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China;Shandong Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东泰安271018 [2]农业农村部黄淮地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [3]山东果蔬优质高效生产协同创新中心,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2024年第1期74-80,共7页China Vegetables

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2023BCF01042);“十三五”国家重点研发计划课题(2019YFD1001904);山东省蔬菜产业技术体系建设专项(SDAIT-05-10);2020年度山东省重点扶持区域引进急需紧缺人才项目[鲁发改动能办(2020)1285号]。

摘　　要：针对设施番茄长季节栽培过程中,因植株管理不当等造成的植株易早衰、产量和品质下降等问题,以圣罗兰3689为试材,以不换头为对照(CK),设置每4穗果(T1)、6穗果(T2)、8穗果(T3)进行换头一次的3个处理,研究不同换头节次对番茄生长、开花坐果时间和产量的影响。结果表明,随生育期延长,所有处理的番茄株高和茎粗均呈增加趋势,侧枝叶片光合色素含量和净光合速率均呈先升高后降低趋势。与CK相比,T1、T2、T3处理的茎秆长度和产量均有所增加,并在一定程度上延长了番茄采收期;其中,定植后240 d,T1处理的株高、茎粗和产量分别增加8.7%、3.8%和7.1%;T1处理前4穗果的转色时间和采收时间分别提前9、22、29、10 d和12、28、15、9 d,第14穗果采收时间延长了19 d,经济效益以T1处理较好。综上所述,每4穗果换头1次,有利于长季节栽培番茄生长和产量形成,能部分缓解春节和暑期番茄产品的供给,可作为番茄长季节优质高产栽培的植株调整方式。Aiming to address the issues of premature senescence,yield decline,and reduced quality caused by inadequate plant management under long-season cultivation of tomato in solar greenhouse,this study examined the effects of different pinching positions and frequencies on growth,flowering and fruit setting time,and yield,using tomato cultivar‘Shengluolan 3689’and no pinching as control(CK).Three treatments involving pinching every 4 clusters(T1),6 clusters(T2)and 8 clusters(T3)were set.The results indicate that as the growth period extended,the plant height and stem diameter of tomato increased under all treatments.Additionally,the photosynthetic pigment content and the net photosynthetic rate of lateral branch leaves initially increased,followed by a decrease.Compared to CK,the stem length and yield of the T1,T2 and T3 treatments increased,and the tomato harvest period was extended.The plant height,stem diameter,and yield increased by 8.7%,3.8%and 7.1%,respectively,under the T1 treatment at 240 days after planting.Under T1 treatment,the ripening times for the first 4 clusters of fruits were 9,22,29,10 days earlier,and the harvest times were 12,28,15,9 days earlier.Additionally,the harvesting period for the 14th cluster of fruit was extended by 19 days.The economic benefit of T1 treatment was superior.In summary,pinching every 4 clusters is beneficial for the growth and yield formation of tomato under long-season cultivation,which can also partially alleviate the shortage of tomato products during the Spring Festival and Summer vacation time,and can be used as a method to regulate plant growth for the long-season,high-quality,and high-yield cultivation of tomato.

关 键 词：番茄 长季节 换头节次 生长 产量 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学] S641.2