我国典型区域农户地膜应用与回收处理行为的调查研究  

Analysis of the behavior and driving forces of the application,recovery,and management of plastic mulch film by farmers in typical areas of China

作　　者：崔吉晓 徐菊祯 白润昊 刘勤[1] 何文清[1,2] 严昌荣 CUI Jixiao;XU Juzhen;BAI Runhao;LIU Qin;HE Wenqing;YAN Changrong(Institute of Agriculture Environment and Sustainable Development,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Pollution Prevention and Control,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;Western Agricultural Research Center,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changji 831100,China;Agricultural College,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业农村部农膜污染防控重点实验室,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心,昌吉新疆831100 [3]中国农业大学农学院,北京100193

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2024年第1期175-186,共12页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(32261143459);英国自然环境研究理事会项目(NE/V005871/1)。

摘　　要：地膜是我国重要的农业生产资料,其残留污染的有效防控对于促进我国农业绿色发展具有重要意义。农户是地膜残留污染防控的基本单元,其行为直接影响防控成效。本研究采用互联网发放调研问卷的方式,在我国新疆、山东和湖北3个地膜使用具有代表性的省(自治区),对农户的地膜购买、使用、回收和处理行为开展调研,共收集389份有效调查问卷;使用二元Logistic回归分析方法,进一步研究了影响农户回收与处理地膜的因素。结果表明:调研农户中有85.9%的农户地膜购买渠道为农资零售店,且购买时有68.3%的农户主要关注地膜质量,53.2%的农户关注地膜价格;调研农户中有64.5%的农户在购买地膜时通过其拉伸强度来判断质量,但只有49.5%的农户了解新国标对地膜厚度的规定。在新疆地膜主要用于棉花、瓜类和玉米,作物地膜覆盖率分别为96.3%、48.3%和96.0%;在山东地膜主要用于花生和瓜类,作物地膜覆盖率分别为72.9%和92.3%;在湖北地膜主要用于瓜类和烟草,作物地膜覆盖率分别为40.1%和100%。地膜使用的主要驱动因素为提高收入,在新疆还有增温与保水、在山东有增温、在湖北则有控草等差异化的因素。人工回收是3个省份主要的回收方式,残膜回收率超过80%的农户仅有45.7%,回收的主要影响因素为农户的生态环境保护意识。网点回收是主要的残膜处理方式,占47.8%;塑料对环境的影响和投入成本是影响农户残膜处理行为的主要因素。农户年龄、家庭人口和不回收是否会影响耕种在5%水平上显著正向影响农户的回收行为;学历为高中以上人数、农业收入、是否会受到处罚在5%水平上显著正向影响农户的处理行为,是否有回收网点在1%水平上显著正向影响农户的处理行为。研究表明,农资零售店是调研区域农户购买地膜的主要渠道,调研区域的主要覆膜作物为棉花、瓜类、玉Plastic mulch film is an important agricultural input in China.Effective prevention and control of residual film pollution are of great significance for promoting green agricultural development in China.Farmers are the basic unit for preventing and controlling residual film pollution.Their behaviors and decisions directly affect the effectiveness of the prevention and control of residual film pollution.Therefore,this study investigated the behavior and driving factors of farmers′purchase,use,recycling,and treatment of plastic film in three representative provinces,i.e.,Xinjiang,Shandong,and Hubei.The survey results showed that local retail was the most popular choice for purchasing plastic mulch film,and 85.9%of surveyed farmers purchased plastic mulch film from local retail.The quality and price of the plastic mulch film were the most important factors influencing their purchasing decision,as chosen by 68.3%and 53.2%of the surveyed farmers,respectively.Regarding the judgment of the quality of mulch film upon purchase,64.5%of the surveyed farmers would base their judgment on the tensile strength of mulch film,but only 49.5%of the farmers knew about the new national standard on the thickness of mulch film.The surveyed farmers mainly used the plastic mulch film for cotton,melons,and corn,with coverage rates of 96.3%,48.3%,and 96.0%,respectively,in Xinjiang;peanuts and melons,with coverage rates of 72.9%and 92.3%,respectively,in Shandong;and melons and tobacco,with coverage rates of 40.1%and 100%,respectively,in Hubei.In addition to increasing income,the driving factors for the use of plastic film include increasing temperature and water conservation in Xinjiang,increasing temperature in Shandong,and controlling grass in Hubei.Manual recycling was the main recycling method in the three provinces,and only 45.7%of the residual film recycling rate exceeded 80%.The main factor influencing recycling was the farmers′awareness of the ecological environment.The surveyed farmers tended to provide the waste plastic mulch

关 键 词：地膜 农户 调研 回收处理 问卷调查 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程]