中国非洲猪瘟研究进展  

Research progress onn African swine fever in China

作　　者：张振江 孙恩成[1] 朱远茂[1] 李芳 步志高[1] 赵东明 ZHANG ZhenJiang;SUN EnCheng;ZHU YuanMao;LI Fang;BU ZhiGao;ZHAO DongMing(State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention,National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory,Harbin Veterinary Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150069,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所,动物疫病防控全国重点实验室,国家非洲猪瘟专业实验室,哈尔滨150069

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2023年第12期1767-1779,共13页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(批准号:2022YFD1800601,2022YFD1800604,2021YFD1800101);黑龙江省自然科学基金(批准号:LH2022C111)资助。

摘　　要：非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)感染家猪和野猪引起的一种急性、烈性和高度接触性传染病,可以造成严重经济损失和威胁全球养猪业的发展.根据世界动物卫生组织(World Organisation for Animal Health,WOAH)报告,ASF于1921年在肯尼亚被首次报道,已经在非洲、亚洲、美洲、欧洲和大洋洲等地区暴发,严重危害全球养猪业的发展.ASF至今已有上百年历史,目前仍未有可供全球推广使用商业化的疫苗和抗病毒药物;ASFV基因功能、致病机制、免疫保护、免疫逃逸等关键科学问题依然未知.2018年,ASF传入中国,给中国生猪产业造成严重影响.面向ASF防控和科技攻关重大需求,中国农业科学院、中国科学院、清华大学等多家科研机构和企业都紧急建立科研队伍,对ASFV开展了科技攻关,并取得了丰硕的成果.其中,中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所第一时间分离鉴定出第一株ASFV毒株、基因Ⅱ型自然变异株、基因Ⅰ型病毒株、基因Ⅰ型/Ⅱ型自然重组病毒株,并完成其基因组遗传进化和致病特性研究;联合解析了ASFV结构和多种病毒基因功能;成功研制了ASF基因缺失弱毒活疫苗等多种防控产品,为中国ASFV的认知及防控做出重要贡献.本文围绕过去五年来中国在ASFV流行病学、病原学、病毒结构生物学、毒力功能基因挖掘、疫苗创制及诊断产品研发等方面的研究进展进行综述,以期为中国非洲猪瘟防控与研究提供参考.African swine fever(ASF),an acute,highly contagious disease of domestic pigs and wild boars,is caused by the African swine fever virus(ASFV).It can cause serious economic losses,and threaten the global pig industry.According to the World Organisation for Animal Health,ASF was first reported in Kenya in 1921,and has caused outbreaks in Africa,Asia,the Americas,Europe,and Oceania.ASF has a history of more than 100 years,yet there are no commercially available ASF vaccines or antiviral drugs.The key scientific questions such as the function of the viral genes,pathogenic mechanism,and immune protection and escape remain unknown.In 2018,ASF invaded China and seriously impacted China's pig industry.To meet the needs of ASF prevention and control,several scientific research institutions,including the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,and Tsinghua University,urgently established research teams to combat ASFV,and have made great progress.Among them,the Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences isolated and identified the first ASFV isolate,genotype II natural variant,genotype I virus,and genotype I natural recombinant,and analyzed their genomic evolution and pathogenicity.The structure of ASFV and the functions of its viral genes were resolved.Moreover,many products for ASF prevention and control such as a gene-deleted live vaccine have been developed,contributing to ASF awareness and prevention in China.In this article,the research progress in epidemiology,etiology,viral structural biology,virulence functional gene mining,vaccine creation and diagnostic product development of ASFV in China in the past five years was reviewed,in order to provide a reference for the prevention and control of ASF in China.

关 键 词：非洲猪瘟 分离鉴定 致病特征 疫苗 诊断 防控 

分 类 号：S858.28[农业科学—临床兽医学]