中国猪伪狂犬病的流行及防控  

Epidemic prevention and control of porcine pseudorabies in China

作　　者：郭镇洋 田志军[1] 彭金美[1] GUO ZhenYang;TIAN ZhiJun;PENG JinMei(State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention,Harbin Veterinary Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin150069,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所,动物疫病防控全国重点实验室,哈尔滨150069

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2023年第12期1780-1793,共14页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：黑龙江省重大项目(2022ZX02B13)资助。

摘　　要：猪伪狂犬病是危害养猪业的一个重大传染病.1979年中国引入Bartha K61株活疫苗,使猪伪狂犬病得到了有效控制.但是当2011年许多免疫猪场暴发猪伪狂犬病疫情时,发现现有疫苗免疫后不能完全抵抗新流行毒株的攻击,进一步研究发现,新流行毒株在抗原性和毒力上发生了变异.因此,中国科研人员持续对伪狂犬病毒(pseudorabies virus,PRV)变异株进行了流行病学监测,至今已有29个省份出现PRV变异株.序列分析显示,PRV变异株在亲缘关系上与基因Ⅰ型毒株(国外)以及中国早期经典毒株均相距较远,而且出现了特征性氨基酸变异.目前,中国已开展了针对PRV变异株的疫苗研制及诊断试剂的开发,多家单位研制的灭活疫苗和诊断试剂盒获得了新兽药证书,基因缺失弱毒活疫苗的研制也取得了较大的进展.这些研究为猪伪狂犬病的防控和净化提供了理论和技术支撑.Porcine pseudorabies poses a significant threat to the pig industry as a major infectious disease.In 1979,the Bartha-K61 live vaccine was introduced to China as an effective measure to control this disease.However,in 201l,pseudorabies outbreaks occurred in numerous immunized pig farms,indicating that the existing vaccine could not fully protect against the newly isolated virus strains after immunization.In response to this challenge,Chinese researchers have been diligently conducting epidemiological surveillance on PRV variants.To date,PRV mutants have been detected in 29 provinces across China.Sequence analysis has revealed that these newly prevalent strains are genetically distinct from the gene type I strain(found abroad)and the early Chinese classical strain.Notably,characteristic amino acid variations specific to the PRV variants have been identified.Consequently,efforts have been made to develop vaccines and diagnostic reagents that target these new epidemic strains.Several organizations have successfully developed inactivated vaccines and diagnostic kits for the PRV mutants,and obtained certifications of new veterinary drugs.Furthermore,significant progress has been achieved in the development of gene-deletion attenuated live vaccines.These advancements in research provide valuable theoretical and technical support for the prevention,control,and eradication of porcine pseudorabies.

关 键 词：猪伪狂犬病 变异毒株 流行 诊断 疫苗 

分 类 号：S858.28[农业科学—临床兽医学]