青岛与济南雾日数气候变化特征差异性分析  

Climate change characteristics of foggy days in Qingdao and Jinan

作　　者：杨蕾 邹瑾[3] 丁做尉 郭丽娜 YANG Lei;ZOU Jin;DING Zuowei;GUO Lina(Qingdao Meteorological Bureau,Qingdao 266003,China;Qingdao Engineering Technology Research Center for Meteorological Disaster Prevention,Qingdao 266003,China;Shandong Climate Center,Jinan 250031,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛市气象局,山东青岛266003 [2]青岛市气象灾害防御工程技术研究中心,山东青岛266003 [3]山东省气候中心,山东济南250031

出　　处：《山东科学》2024年第1期128-135,共8页Shandong Science

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金(ZR2020MD055);青岛市气象局科研项目(2016qdpxq11)。

摘　　要：利用1961—2020年青岛和济南气象观测要素及青岛近海海表温度等资料,对青岛和济南雾日数气候变化特征差异性及原因进行了分析研究。结果表明:青岛平均年雾日数50.4 d,约是济南的3.1倍。两地雾多发季节明显不同,青岛是在春、夏季,约占全年的78.4%;济南则在秋、冬季,约占全年的70.7%。年、季雾日数变化差异明显,青岛年雾日数增加,春夏季减少、秋冬季显著增加;济南年雾日数减少,四季均减少,且秋季减少显著。年雾日数气候变率和突变特征差异明显,青岛气候变率呈增大趋势且保持在高位状态,济南则呈减小趋势,表明青岛出现极端多雾的概率更大;青岛在1969年发生雾日数增多突变,济南在1995年发生减少突变。青岛秋冬季雾日数增加与近海海表温度显著升高、大气中水汽含量显著增多关系密切;济南秋冬季雾日数减少与最低气温显著升高、湿度减少、温度露点差显著增大关系密切。This study analyzed the climate change characteristics and causes of foggy days in Qingdao and Jinan using meteorological observation data from 1961 to 2020 in Qingdao and Jinan,as well as sea surface temperature data near Qingdao.Results showed that the average annual foggy days in Qingdao were 50.4 d,3.1 times more than that in Jinan.The peak fog seasons were substantially different in the two cities;Qingdao experiences more foggy days in spring and summer,accounting for about 78.4%of the whole year,whereas Jinan experiences more foggy days in autumn and winter,accounting for about 70.7%of the whole year.Furthermore,remarkable differences in the annual and seasonal variations of foggy days were observed.Qingdao shows an increasing trend in annual foggy days,i.e.,less foggy days in spring and summer,but significantly more in autumn and winter.Alternatively,Jinan exhibits a decreasing trend in annual foggy days,where the number of foggy days is lowest in autumn.Moreover,considerable climate variability and abrupt change in the number of annual foggy days between the two cities were noticed.The climate variability of Qingdao showed an increasing trend and remained at a high level,while Jinan witnessed a decreasing trend;this indicates a higher probability of extreme foggy weather in Qingdao than in Jinan.Qingdao witnessed an increase in the number of foggy days in 1969,while Jinan encountered a decrease in 1995.The increase in the number of foggy days in Qingdao during autumn and winter was closely related to the substantial increase in the sea surface temperature near the city.This increase promoted sea surface evaporation and subsequently increased the atmospheric water vapor content.However,the decrease in foggy days in Jinan during autumn and winter was closely associated with a substantial increase in the minimum temperature and the dew point temperature difference as well as reduced humidity.

关 键 词：青岛 济南 雾日数 气候变化 差异性分析 

分 类 号：P426[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P467