低敏家访计划的实践进展初探  

Preliminary insights into the practice of hypoallergenic home visiting program

作　　者：张赫 周敏 周琪琳[1] 罗新 郑瑞[1,2] 粟静[1] 熊国威 成昀 黎雅婷[1,3] 张萍萍[1,3] 张昆[1,4] 戴敏[1,4] 黄雪琨[1,2] 张雅娜 石照辉 陶金[1,5] 周宇麒[1,6] 冯佩英[1,7] 陈壮桂[1,3] 杨钦泰[1,2] Zhang He;Zhou Min;Zhou Qilin;Luo Xin;Zheng Rui;Su Jing;Xiong Guowei;Cheng Yun;Li Yating;Zhang Pingping;Zhang Kun;Dai Min;Huang Xuekun;Zhang Yana;Shi Zhaohui;Tao Jin;Zhou Yuqi;Feng Peiying;Chen Zhuanggui;Yang Qintai(Department of Allergy,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510630,China;Department of Otolaryngology,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510630,China;Department of Pediatrics,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510630,China;Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510630,China;Department of Gastroenterology,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510630,China;Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510630,China;Department of Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510630,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学附属第三医院变态反应(过敏)科,广州510630 [2]中山大学附属第三医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,广州510630 [3]中山大学附属第三医院儿科,广州510630 [4]中山大学附属第三医院中医科,广州510630 [5]中山大学附属第三医院消化科,广州510630 [6]中山大学附属第三医院呼吸与重症科,广州510630 [7]中山大学附属第三医院皮肤与整形美容科,广州510630

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2023年第12期1957-1963,共7页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学联合基金项目(U20A20399);国家自然科学基金面上项目(82271148);广东省重点领域研发计划(2020B0101130015)。

摘　　要：过敏性疾病影响全球约40%的人口,环境因素是过敏性疾病发生发展过程中的重要影响因素,尘螨是室内环境中最主要的过敏原之一。世界卫生组织提出过敏性疾病“四位一体,防治结合”的治疗原则,其中环境控制避免或减少过敏原是对因治疗的首选。现代人群居家时间(包括睡眠)大大高于室外,家庭环境控制尤显关键。本次实践引入低敏家访计划,通过对患者居住环境进行家庭环境评估、环境与行为干预指导和家庭常见的低敏用品和服务指引。其中,对尘螨过敏原进行实时半定量检测,对其他室内过敏原进行定性评估,记录患者家庭用品和生活方式,开展精准化、个体化的患者防控教育。低敏家访计划完善了医生的诊疗数据维度,成为医生院外患者管理的新抓手,同时帮助患者持续科学地规避环境中的过敏原和刺激物,有效构建低敏家庭环境,减少家庭环境中的过敏原暴露,达到过敏性疾病防治结合的目标。Allergic diseases affect about 40%of the world′s population.Environmental factors are important in the occurrence and development of allergic diseases.Dust mites are one of the most important allergens in the indoor environment.The World Health Organization proposes the"four-in-one,combination of prevention and treatment"treatment principle for allergic diseases,in which environmental control to avoid or reduce allergens is the first choice for treatment.Modern people spend much more time at home(including sleeping)than outdoors,and the control of the home environment is particularly critical.This practice introduces the hypoallergenic home visit program,which including home environment assessment,environmental and behavioral intervention guidance,and common household hypoallergenic supplies and service guidance for the patient′s home environment.The real-time semi-quantitative testing of dust mite allergens,qualitative assessments of other indoor allergens,record of patients′household items and lifestyle,and precise,individualized patient prevention and control education will be conducted.The hypoallergenic home visit program improves the doctors′diagnosis and treatment data dimension,and becomes a patient management tool for doctors outside the hospital.It also helps patients continue to scientifically avoid allergens and irritants in the environment,effectively build a hypoallergenic home environment,reduce exposure to allergens in the home environment,and achieve the goal of combining the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.

关 键 词：过敏性疾病 环境控制 尘螨 低敏家访计划 

分 类 号：R593.1[医药卫生—内科学]