日光温室固定保温被遮阴对光热环境及产量影响分析  

Effect of fixed heat preservation quilt on indoor light heat environment and yield in solar greenhouses

作　　者：王建 郭宇博 赵淑梅[1,2] 徐凯 程杰宇 王平智[1,2] WANG Jian;GUO Yubo;ZHAO Shumei;XU Kai;CHENG Jieyu;WANG Pingzhi(College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100083,China;Fangshan District Planting Technology Promotion Station of Beijing,Beijing 102400,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083 [2]农业农村部设施农业工程重点实验室,北京100083 [3]北京市房山区种植业技术推广站,北京102400

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第23期230-237,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U20A2020);现代农业产业技术体系北京市创新团队(BAIC01-2023-20)联合资助。

摘　　要：为了避免日光温室中卷式卷帘机械在工作时损坏前屋面覆盖层薄膜,通常会在卷帘机下方铺垫一条固定保温被。日间,这条保温被会遮挡进入日光温室的太阳光线并在室内形成阴影。针对固定保温被对室内光热环境分布和作物产量的影响,该研究对固定保温被下方的光照、温度和作物的产量进行测试,同时利用太阳直射辐射理论提出固定保温被阴影宽度的计算方法。结果表明,在试验期间固定保温被正下方的光照强度平均值为198μmol/(m^(2)·s),距离固定保温被4.0~5.0 m位置处的光照强度是固定保温被正下方的2.0倍以上。日间,固定保温被正下方的空气温度、墙面温度和土壤温度相比于固定保温被两侧最大降低2.2、5.8和2.3℃。夜间,墙面温度和土壤温度最大降低1.2和1.3℃。固定保温被正下方单垄番茄相比于其他垄平均减产36.2%,植株茎粗平均减小2.0~4.0 mm。不同地理位置和不同方位角的日光温室受到固定保温被遮阴在室内形成的阴影宽度范围为11.0~14.0 m。该研究定量分析了使用中卷式卷帘机械的日光温室中固定保温被对室内光热环境和作物产量的影响。Solar greenhouse is one of the most important horticultural facilities in China.A great contribution has been made to produce fruits and vegetables in winter in northern China.Among them,the material of the south roof is usually plastic films with high light transmittance.The heat preservation quilt can also be used with better thermal insulation performance on the south roof,in order to reduce the heat loss in the low temperature outdoor environment at night.However,artificial management cannot fully meet large-scale production,due to the time-consuming and laborious in the large area of heat preservation quilt.Therefore,the heat preservation quilt can be accomplished using rolling machine at present.A fixed heat preservation quilt is usually laid between the rolling machine and the covering plastic film,in order to prevent the rolling machine from damaging the covering plastic film of the south roof during actual work.Specifically,the fixed heat preservation quilt is located in the center of the east-west length of the solar greenhouse.The sunlight can be blocked into the inside solar greenhouse in the daytime.The resulting shadow can move in the solar greenhouse over time,inevitably leading to the indoor light,temperature distribution,and crop yield.In this study,a calculation model was proposed for the shadow width of the fixed heat preservation quilt,according to the theory of direct solar radiation.A series of tests were also performed on the indoor light and temperature under the fixed heat preservation quilt.The experimental solar greenhouse was selected in Hongke Farm(39.6°N,116.0°E),Fangshan District,Beijing.The results show that the average photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD)was 198μmol/(m^(2)·s)under the fixed heat preservation quilt.PPFD gradually increased with the center of the fixed heat preservation quilt moving on both sides.The average PPFD was greater than 400μmol/(m^(2)·s)at a position greater than 3.6 m from the center of the fixed heat preservation quilt.Meanwhile,the light cumul

关 键 词：日光温室 温度 光照 保温被 阴影 产量 

分 类 号：S214.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]