生化黄腐酸对不同质地苏打盐碱土水盐运移特征的影响  

Effects of biochemical fulvic acid on the water-salt transport characteristics of soda saline-alkali soil with different textures

作　　者：孙燕 吴建鑫 曲植 韩宁[1] 陆江岳 马莹莹 胡子付 SUN Yan;WU Jianxin;QU Zhi※;HAN Ning;LU Jiangyue;MA Yingying;HU Zifu(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China;School of Mining,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051 China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安710048 [2]内蒙古工业大学矿业学院,呼和浩特010051

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第22期74-84,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41977043);陕西省重点研发项目(2022NY-077);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0251;2022YFSH0025);榆林市科技计划项目(CXY-2021-136)。

摘　　要：为了探讨生化黄腐酸(biochemical fulvic acid,BFA)对不同质地(砂质壤土和壤质砂土)苏打盐碱土的改良作用机理,明确BFA对不同质地苏打盐碱土水盐运移特征的影响,该研究通过室内一维垂直入渗试验,对不同BFA施加量(0(CK)、1、2、4、8 g/kg)条件下土壤水盐运移特征、入渗模型参数和土壤八大盐分离子的变化特征进行了研究。结果表明:对于砂质壤土,当入渗至280 min时,与CK相比,BFA施加量为1、2、4、8 g/kg处理的累积入渗量分别减小了3.70%、10.19%、12.04%、25.00%,湿润峰深度分别减小了9.33%、17.00%、24.00%、27.33%;对于壤质砂土,当入渗至40 min时,与CK相比,BFA施加量为1、2、4、8 g/kg处理的累积入渗量分别减小了1.36%、10.51%、18.98%、29.83%,湿润峰深度分别减小了5.00%、11.33%、21.67%、31.33%。土壤水分入渗速率会随着BFA施加量的增加而减小,在0、5、10、15、20、25、30 cm土层深度,8 g/kg施加量处理的砂质壤土含水率分别高于CK处理11.43%、4.99%、8.54%、8.79%、9.02%、4.98%、-7.76%,而壤质砂土含水率分别高于CK处理4.76%、9.28%、6.18%、9.25%、8.05%、8.77%、-0.06%。Kostiakov和Philip模型均能较好地模拟土壤水分入渗过程,且随着BFA施加量的增加,吸渗率逐渐减小。然而施加BFA同样会增加不同深度土层的含盐量,在土壤钙离子、镁离子浓度较低的情况下,可能会使得土壤中富集钠离子。因此,施加BFA能够改变不同质地苏打盐碱土的水盐运移特征,为了防止施加BFA加剧土壤的次生盐碱化以及考虑施加BFA后的经济效益,该研究推荐BFA施加量为2~4 g/kg时对于不同质地苏打盐碱土具有更好的改良效果。Saline-alkali soil improvement is one of the important measures to enhance the production capacity in sustainable agriculture.Fulvic acid can serve as an ecologically friendly soil conditioner in the saline-alkali soil treatment,in order to improve soil fertility,crop yield,and quality.Biochemical humic acid extracted from the straw has demonstrated a superior improvement on the saline-alkali soil,compared with the mineral-derived humic acid,thus offering an effective way for the straw resource utilization.This study aims to explore the improvement mechanism of biochemical fulvic acid on the soda saline-alkali soil with different textures.A systematic investigation was also implemented to assess the impact on water-salt transport characteristics.The indoor one-dimensional vertical infiltration experiments were then conducted to explore the water-salt transport,infiltration model parameters,and eight major salt separators.Different amounts of biochemical fulvic acid[0(CK),1,2,4,and 8 g/kg]were applied in the soda saline-alkali soil with various textures.The results showed that the cumulative infiltration amount decreased by 3.70%,10.19%,12.04%,and 25.00%in the sandy loam soil for the treatments with the biochemical fulvic acid of 1,2,4,and 8 g/kg,respectively,after 280 min of infiltration compared with the CK treatment.The wetting front depth also decreased by 9.33%,17.00%,24.00%,and 27.33%,respectively.In the loamy sandy soil,the cumulative infiltration amount of the treatments with the biochemical fulvic acid of 1,2,4,and 8 g/kg decreased by 1.36%,10.51%,18.98%,and 29.83%,respectively,after 40 min of infiltration compared with the CK treatment,with the wetting front depth reductions of 5.00%,11.33%,21.67%,and 31.33%,respectively.The infiltration rate of soil moisture decreased with the increase in the application amounts of biochemical fulvic acid.At the soil depths of 0,5,10,15,20,25,and 30 cm,the sandy loam treated with 8 g/kg showed a higher soil moisture content than the CK treatment by 11.43%,4.99%,8.54%,8.

关 键 词：土壤水分 土壤盐分 入渗 盐碱土改良 模型拟合 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]