论声音权益的法律保护模式  

On the Model of Legal Protection of Voice Interests

作　　者：王利明[1,2] Wang Liming

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学民商事法律研究中心 [2]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《财经法学》2024年第1期3-20,共18页Law and Economy

基　　金：中国人民大学重大课题“民法典新规则研究”(21XNLG01)的成果。

摘　　要：声音具有独特性,是自然人身份识别与社会交往的媒介。比较法上主要通过公开权、一般人格权、独立人格权或人格利益等模式对声音权益予以保护。公开权模式仅保护声音的经济价值、弱化其人格权属性。声音虽然与知识产权存在密切关联,但其主要不是知识产权的客体。一般人格权在具体化过程中也面临保护对象与边界不清晰的问题。我国《民法典》并没有承认声音为独立的具体人格权类型,而对声音权益采取了法定的独立人格利益保护模式,是更为简明、清晰的制度安排。声音权益虽不属于具体人格权,但作为一项人格利益可参照适用肖像权保护的规定。Voice is unique and is a medium for natural person identification and social communication.In comparative law,the rights and interests of voice are mainly protected through the modes of publicity,general personality rights,independent personality rights or personality interests.The publicity right model only protects the economic value of the voice and weakens its personality right attributes.Although voice is closely related to intellectual property,it is not primarily the object of intellectual property.In the process of concretization,general personality rights also face the problem of unclear objects of protection and boundaries.China's Civil Code does not recognize that voice is an independent type of personality right,but adopts a statutory independent personality interest protection model for voice interests,which is a more concise and clear institutional arrangement.Although the right to voice does not belong to a specific personality right,as a personality interest,the provisions on the protection of portrait rights can be applied by reference.

关 键 词：声音权益 人格利益 公开权 一般人格权 参照适用 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]