名词融合与复杂谓词的形成  

Noun Incorporation and the Formationof Complex Predicates in Chinese

作　　者：罗琼鹏[1] LUO Qiong-peng(School of Liberal Arts,Nanjing University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210023)

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《汉语学习》2024年第1期33-42,共10页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目“跨语言视阈下现代汉语名词融合研究”(项目编号:2022SJZD121);国家语委重大委托项目“新文科背景下的语言学学科建设研究”(项目编号:ZDA145-7)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：文章以及物化的“VN”型复杂谓词(“踩雷乐视、取道北京”)为出发点,引入跨语言视角,探索汉语名词融合的句法、语义机制以及类型特征。在句法上,“V”和“N”通过词根移位融合,然后和事件有关的其他论旨角色会提升到“N”原有的论元槽位,表现为“VN”结构携带旁格论元的情况。在语义上,“N”并非“V”独立的语义论元,而是对“V”的语义进行修饰,对“V”所述事件进行限定和细分,但不改变“V”的价位。及物化的“VN”型复杂谓词的产生,不仅证明汉语中存在丰富的名词融合现象,更表明名词融合内部存在不同的演化轨迹,呈现谱系特性。文章提出的将形式语义学与分布式形态学相结合的形态—语义界面思路,为处理汉语中次短语层面的语言现象提供了新的框架性构想。This study investigates the transitivization of V and N combinations with a view to exploring the syntax,semantics,and typological implications of Chinese noun incorporation in a cross-linguistic perspective.Syntactically,N is incorporated into V via root movement to form a complex predicate.Once a complex predicate is formed,other thematic roles,mostly oblique ones,will be“upgraded”to the position originally occupied by N.Semantically,the composition of V and N is achieved via the rule“Restrict”,by which N restricts and modifies,rather than saturates,the meaning of V.The transitivization of V and N combinations indicates that noun incorporation in Chinese is not a homogeneous phenomenon;rather,it falls into different evolutional patterns,each with its own distinctive morpho-syntactic and semantic features.The proposed approach at the morphology-semantics interface,which integrates formal semantics with Distributed Morphology,provides a promising framework to deal with sub-phrasal phenomena in Chinese.

关 键 词：名词融合 动宾带宾 旁格论元 形态-语义界面 分布式形态学 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]