全球空间安全治理视域下临近空间飞行监管研究  

Research on Near Space Flight Supervision from the Perspective of Global Space Security Governance

作　　者：张超汉[1] 胡熳馨 ZHANG Chaohan;HU Manxin(Northwest University of Political Science and Law,Xi’an 710063,China)

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学,陕西西安710063

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2024年第1期1-16,共16页Pacific Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“全球空间安全治理视域下临近空间飞行法律规制研究”(21BFX212)的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：临近空间作为全球一体化的重要连接点,是实现长期驻空侦察、全球精准打击的军事战略高点。受空天划界论争的影响,临近空间飞行的监管规则仍依附于国内立法,在国际层面尚未实现有效规制和协调。在临近空间法律地位不清、监管主体不明、监管客体不定、监管内容复杂、飞行活动存有争议的情况下,现有国际航空航天法律制度已无法满足调整此类新型利益关系的实践需要。构建针对性的监管制度不仅是行业有序发展的基础,也是确保地面国国防安全和临近空间资源有序开发利用的重要保障。在国内立法层面,中国可参鉴《临近空间管制公约(草案)》的相关条款,积极推进临近空间融入航空法或航天法的制度设计,或制定单行的临近空间法,以国内立法引领国际立法;在国际立法层面,应以国际民用航空组织为主导,通过修订《国际民用航空公约》(又称《芝加哥公约》)相关附件或增设临近空间飞行的新附件标准,推进国际统一规则的构建。As an important connection point for global integration,near space is a military strategic high point for achieving long⁃term aerial reconnaissance and global precision strikes.Having been affected by the controversy over the delimitation of air space and outer space,the regulatory rules for the near space flights still rely on the domestic legislation of some countries,and effective regulation and coordination have not yet been achieved at the international level.In the context of the legal status of near space undefined,the regu⁃latory subject is unclear,the regulatory object is uncertain,the regulatory content is complex,and flight activities are controversial,and the existing international aerospace legal system is no longer able to meet the practical needs of adjusting such new relationships.Building a targeted regulatory system is not only the foundation for the orderly development of the industry,but also an important guarantee for ensuring national defense security and the development and utilization of near space resources.Therefore,the regulation of near space vehicles requires collaborative efforts from state actors and in⁃ternational organizations.At the domestic legislative level,China can refer to the relevant content of the In⁃ternational Association for the Advancement of Space Safety(IAASS)Study Draft Convention on the Regu⁃lation of Near Space,either actively promoting the integration of near space rule into the institutional design of aviation or space law,or formulating a separate near space law.In order to achieve the coordination be⁃tween ground national safety and existing aerospace activities,the revision of rules is required to focus on regulatory matters such as registration,access permit,and promulgation of near space vehicles,driving in⁃ternational legislation with domestic legislation.From the perspective of global space security governance,the long⁃term solution to breaking the regu⁃latory deadlock of near space flight activities lies in reaching a specialized inter

关 键 词：临近空间飞行器 监管主体 监管客体 监管事项 国际统一规则 空间安全治理 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系] D993.4[政治法律—政治学]