不规则抗体对血型反定型鉴定的影响研究  

Study on the influence of irregular antibodies on theidentification of blood group reverse formation

作　　者：沈静 Shen Jing(Laboratory of Changsha Blood Center,Changsha,Hunan 410026,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙血液中心,湖南长沙410026

出　　处：《首都食品与医药》2024年第1期104-106,共3页Capital Food Medicine

摘　　要：目的通过以不规则抗体对血清学实验及抗体筛查进行综合分析,从而分析不规则抗体对鉴定血型时正反定型结果的影响因素以及对临床血型鉴定、安全用血的临床意义。方法回顾性调查方法:对长沙血液中心2019年1月-2023年4月PK7300全自动血型仪初筛献血者正定型和反定型不符合的血样,选取73例由于检出不规则抗体而检出正反定型不符合标本。结果此次实验所选73例血型样本中不规则抗体共分为三类,其中IgM抗体类型占不规则抗体总数量第一位共43例,占总比例58.90%。根据患者性别分类,其中男性患者抗-M抗体数量最多,共8例,占总比例34.78%;无特异性抗体数量共6例,占总比例26.09%;抗-Lea抗体数量共2例,占总比例8.70%;抗-Leb抗体数量共2例,占总比例8.70%。女性患者抗-M抗体最多,共28例,占总比例56.00%;无特异性抗体数量共10例,占总比例20.00%。结论通过此次实验所采用的检验方法可以有效地帮助临床医生对患者体内存在的不规则抗体进行有效筛查,但此次实验样本量相对较小,仍需要较大样本量对其进行数据支持,因此在患者开展输血前需要及时针对其可能存在产生不规则抗体的相关病史进行询问,并联合两种及以上的检验方法对患者血型的反定型进行鉴别,从而最大程度上保障患者输血安全,降低输血过程中各类不良反应的发生几率。Objective To analyze the serological experiment and antibody screening to analyze the influencing factors of the positive and negative blood type and the clinical significance of clinical blood group identification and safe blood use.Methods Retrospective investigation method:for January 2019 to April 2023 PK7300 automatic blood type analyzer screening for positive and negative blood samples from blood donors at Changsha Blood Center,73 cases were selected with positive and reverse setting samples due to the detection of irregular antibodies.Results Among the 73 blood group samples selected in this experiment,irregular antibodies were divided into 3 categories,among which IgM antibody types accounted for the first total number of irregular antibodies and 43 cases,accounting for 58.90%of the total proportion.According to the gender of patients,male patients had 8 anti-M antibodies,accounting for 34.78%of the total;6 without specific antibodies,accounting for 26.09%in total;2 anti-Lea antibodies,8.70%in total;and 2 anti-Leb antibodies,accounting for 8.70%in total.Female patients had 28 anti-M antibodies,accounting for 56.00%of the total;10 cases without specific antibodies,accounting for 20.00%of the total.Conclusion Through the experiment by the test method can effectively help clinicians in patients with irregular antibody screening,but the experimental sample size is relatively small,still need a large sample size of the data support,so before the patient blood transfusion need in time for patients may have irregular antibodies related history timely inquiry,and combined two and more test method to identify the blood type to maximize the safety of blood transfusion to reduce the risk of adverse reactions in the process of blood transfusion.

关 键 词：不规则抗体 血型 筛查 自身抗体 安全输血 影响因素 

分 类 号：R446.1[医药卫生—诊断学]