酶联免疫吸附测定法用于中药质量控制的研究进展  

Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay in Quality Control of Chinese Medicines:A Review

作　　者：许源升 刘姣 张恬[2] 赵玉洋 田慧[1] 南铁贵[2] 袁媛[2] XU Yuansheng;LIU Jiao;ZHANG Tian;ZHAO Yuyang;TIAN Hui;NAN Tiegui;YUAN Yuan(Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanning 530200,China;National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]广西中医药大学,南宁530200 [2]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2024年第4期12-20,共9页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：国家科技部科技基础资源调查专项(2018FY100800);中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(C12021B014,C12021A041);国家自然科学基金重大项目(81891013,81891010);青年岐黄学者支持项目。

摘　　要：在中药质量控制过程中,有效成分和有毒有害成分的检测是2个重要环节,传统检测方法如高效液相色谱法、液相色谱质谱联用法等虽然能准确对上述物质进行定量,但往往存在操作复杂、成本过高、不能随时检测、难溶及大分子物质检测困难等缺点。酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)是将抗原或抗体吸附在固相载体表面,利用抗原抗体的特异性反应实现目标检测物的定性或定量分析。该方法具有操作简单、快速、敏感性高、特异性强、实验设备要求简单、应用范围广、成本低等众多优点。近年来,ELISA技术在中药质量控制领域运用越来越广泛,特别是在以黄曲霉毒素为代表的真菌毒素含量的检测和中药有效成分定性定量检测方面,ELISA以其独特的优势发挥着越来越重要的作用,为大批量中药的快速质量检测提供了新方法、新思路。该文对近年来ELISA用于中药质量控制的研究进展进行系统梳理,并对其技术发展和应用前景进行展望,以期为进一步应用该方法保障中药质量安全可控提供借鉴和研究思路。In the quality control of Chinese medicine,the detection of active components and toxic and harmful components are two important links.Although conventional methods such as high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry can accurately quantify the above substances,they have shortcomings such as complicated operation,high costs,inability of detection at any time,difficult detection of insoluble and macromolecular substances.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)can adsorb antigens or antibodies on the surface of solid carriers and realize qualitative or quantitative analysis of targets by using the specific reactions of antigens and antibodies.This method is praised for the simple operation,high sensitivity,strong specificity,simple requirements for experimental equipment,a wide application range,and low costs.In recent years,ELISA has been widely used in the quality control of Chinese medicine,especially in the content determination of mycotoxins represented by aflatoxin and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of active components.ELISA plays an increasingly important role with its unique advantages,providing new methods and ideas for the rapid quality examination of large quantities of Chinese medicines.This paper reviews the research progress in ELISA for the quality control of Chinese medicine in recent years and prospects its technical development and application prospects,aiming to provide reference and research ideas for further using this method to ensure the quality,safety,and controllability of Chinese medicine.

关 键 词：中药质量控制 酶联免疫吸附测定法 有毒有害成分 农药残留 有效成分 

分 类 号：R284[医药卫生—中药学] R285[医药卫生—中医学] R289R287R22R2-031R33R24