经典名方中乳香的本草考证  

Herbal Textual Research on Olibanum in Famous Classical Formulas

作　　者：周海燕 王青青 张奇 肖苏萍 陈蒙 周建新 张业达 贾丹阳 詹志来 ZHOU Haiyan;WANG Qingqing;ZHANG Qi;XIAO Suping;CHEN Meng;ZHOU Jianxin;ZHANG Yeda;JIA Danyang;ZHAN Zhilai(China National Traditional Chinese Medicine Co.Ltd.,Beijing 102600,China;Beijing City University,Beijing 100094,China;Zhonghua Southern Pharma Sdn.Bhd.,George 14100,Malaysia;National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中药有限公司,北京102600 [2]北京城市学院,北京100094 [3]众花南药有限公司,槟城乔治14100 [4]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2024年第4期55-66,共12页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03702)。

摘　　要：通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书和近现代文献资料,笔者对经典名方中所用乳香药材从名称、基原、学名、产地、品质评价、采收加工、炮制历史沿革及变迁等方面进行了系统梳理与考证,以期为包含乳香的经典名方开发提供依据。经考证可知,乳香以薰陆香为名始载于《名医别录》,直至唐代《本草拾遗》首次以“乳香”为正名,此后历代本草均延续此名;历代主流基原为橄榄科植物乳香树Boswellia carterii;古代著录的产地主要有古印度和阿拉伯地区,现主产于索马里、埃塞俄比亚及阿拉伯半岛南部;古今乳香药用部位均为树皮渗出的树脂,以春夏两季为主进行采收;近代以来乳香品质以淡黄色、颗粒状、半透明、无砂石和树皮等杂质、粉末粘手、气芳香者为佳。古代炮制方法较多,有净制(水飞、去杂质)、研制(酒研、灯心研)、炒制(清炒、灯心炒、酒炒)、去油、醋制、煎膏等,近现代炮制方法日趋简化,沿用的炮制方法主要为净制、清炒、醋制。现今常用的炮制规格有生乳香、炒乳香、醋乳香,其中生乳香为净制后的生品,炒乳香为清炒法炮制品,醋乳香为净乳香加醋拌炒的炮制品。基于考证结果,建议蠲痹汤等含乳香的经典名方选择乳香树B.carterii树皮渗出的树脂,原方注明炮制要求的按要求操作,未注明炮制要求的建议以净制后的生品入药。By consulting the ancient and moderm literature,this paper makes a textual research on the name,origin,quality evaluation,harvesting and processing of Olibanum,so as to provide a basis for the development of the famous classical formulas containing this medicinal material.According to the herbal textual research,the results showed that Olibanum was first described as a medicinal material by the name of Xunluxiang in Mingyi Bielu(《名医别录》),until Ruxiang had been used as the correct name since Bencao Shiyi(《本草拾遗》)in Tang dynasty.The main origin was Boswellia carterii from Burseraceae family.The mainly producing areas in ancient description were ancient India and Arabia,while the modern producing areas are Somalia,Ethiopia and the southern Arabian Peninsula.The medicinal part of Olibanum in ancient and modern times is the resin exuded from the bark,which has been mainly harvested in spring and summer.It is concluded that the better Olibanum has light yellow,granular,translucent,no impurities such as sand and bark,sticky powder and aromatic smell.There were many processing methods in ancient times,including cleansing(water flying,removing impurities),grinding(wine grinding,rush grinding),frying(stir-frying,rush frying,wine frying),degreasing,vinegar processing,decoction.In modern times,the main processing methods are simplified to cleansing,stir-frying and vinegar processing.Nowadays,the commonly used specifications include raw,fried and vinegar-processed products.Among the three specifications,raw products is the Olibanum after cleansing,fried products is a kind of Olibanum processed by frying method,vinegar-processed products is the processed products of pure frankincense mixed with vinegar.Based on the research results,it is recommended to select the resin exuded from the bark of B.carterii for the famous classical formulas such as Juanbitang containing Olibanum,processing method should be carried out in accordance with the processing requirements of the formulas,otherwise used the raw produc

关 键 词：经典名方 乳香 基原 中药炮制 本草考证 醋制品 蠲痹汤 

分 类 号：R289[医药卫生—方剂学] R931[医药卫生—中药学] R28[医药卫生—中医学] G254[文化科学—图书馆学]