欧盟太空交通管理方案研究  

Research on the EU Approach to Space Traffic Management

作　　者：段锋[1] DUAN Feng(Military Management College,National Defense University,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]国防大学军事管理学院,北京100091

出　　处：《空间碎片研究》2023年第3期70-80,共11页Space Debris Research

摘　　要：2022年2月15日,欧盟委员会和欧盟外交与安全政策高级代表共同发布《致欧洲议会和欧盟理事会的联合通报——欧盟太空交通管理方案/欧盟在应对全球挑战中的贡献》。这是欧盟官方发布的首份关于太空交通管理的方案,其意义堪比美国的《国家太空交通管理政策》,体现了欧盟官方对太空交通管理事务的高度重视和各成员国的一致决心,也使欧盟成为全球太空交通管理建设的主要力量。该方案回答了欧盟太空交通管理“是什么、为什么、怎么办”的内涵,尤其是4条发展途径及相应的10项行动计划构成了方案的核心内容。方案定位于管理而非协调,预示着未来不同于美国的发展道路以及潜在的与美国路线的冲突。方案有着较为浓厚的“调和”色彩:坚持在多边主义立场下建设欧盟的区域性太空交通管理系统,同时力图在全球系统建设中发挥主要作用;坚持欧盟的战略自主,同时把与美国的合作置于优先位置,并继续依赖于美国的相关数据;坚持民用机构来管理太空交通事务,同时也要求体现防务和安全方面的需要。欧盟太空交通管理呈多层级状态,其中,中间的国家层是主体,上层的欧盟领导略显乏力,下层的工业界参与有限。方案有望改变这一状态,使欧盟橄榄形的太空交通管理结构发展成为柱形结构。方案将对全球各国安全、可持续地利用太空发挥一定作用。On Feb.15,2022,the EU and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy jointly issued the JOINT COMMUNICATION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL—An EU Approach for Space Traffic Management/An EU Contribution Addressing a Global Challenge.As the first EU approach on STM,its significance for the EU can be compared to its US counterpart the National Space Traffic Management Policy for the Trump Administration.The EU’s high attention to and all member countries’resolution on STM make EU the major power in the global STM affairs.The Joint Communication answered the questions of“what,why and how”about the EU STM approach whose core content is the four avenues and ten actions.The difference between the EU approach on space traffic management and the US approach on space traffic coordination indicates different ways and potential conflict in the space traffic domain.The EU STM approach is full of compromises.While favoring a multilateral STM approach in the framework of the UN and promoting a regional approach on STM,the EU also wants to play a major role in the future establishment of a global STM system.While insisting on its strategic autonomy,the EU also gives priority to cooperation with the US and relies on US data.While maintaining a civilian STM under civilian control,the EU STM approach also highlights the specific needs of defense and security.The EU STM approach is multilayered,with STM-related activities primarily led at national level,while the EU leadership above is quite weak and the participation of the lower level of space industry is very limited.This approach hopefully will turn the EU STM“olive”structure into a cylinder shape in the future.The EU approach on STM will play a positive role in the safe,sustainable use of space by all countries.

关 键 词：欧盟 太空交通 太空交通管理 太空交通协调 太空监视与跟踪 外空治理 

分 类 号：D999.1[政治法律—国际法学]