从国家的道德地位到全球治理改革--论沃尔泽国际正义理论的转向  

From the Moral Standing of States to the Reform of Global Governance--On the Turn of Walzers Theory of International Justice

作　　者：高景柱[1] 周杰亮 Gao Jingzhu;Zhou Jieliang

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学政治与行政学院 [2]阜阳师范大学法学院

出　　处：《理论月刊》2024年第1期45-56,共12页Theory Monthly

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“美式民主的理论悖论与实践困境”(21&ZD160)。

摘　　要：沃尔泽从国家的道德地位出发,以宽容观为基础,以正义战争观为核心,构建了一种以维护政治共同体的自主为核心的国际正义理论。以贝兹和博格等人为代表的世界主义者从个人出发,建构了各种全球正义理论,这给沃尔泽的国际正义理论带来了不少挑战。沃尔泽后来调整了自己的立场,主张一种基于慈善的援助义务,并倡导一种渐进的全球治理改革。相较而言,世界主义者将个人作为分配正义关注的主体更具有道德说服力,而沃尔泽将政治共同体作为分配正义的背景更具有现实意义,沃尔泽的理论转向并没有改变其保守主义色彩,其对人权似是而非的辩护难以令人满意,不能真正解决“正义鸿沟”问题。Starting from the moral standing of states,based on the concept of toleration and centered on the concept of just war,Walzer constructed a theory of international justice with the maintenance of autonomy of political communities at its core.Cosmopolitans,such as Beitz and Pogge,have constructed various theories of global justice from individual perspectives,which has brought many challenges to Walzers theory of international justice.Walzer later adjusted his position,advocated a charity-based aid obligation and promoted a gradual reform of global governance.Comparatively speaking,it is more morally convincing for cosmopolitans to regard individuals as the subject of distributive justice,while it is more realistic for Walzer to regard political communities as the setting of distributive justice.The turn of Walzers theory has not changed his conservatism,and his specious defense of human rights is unsatisfactory,which cannot essentially solve the problem of“justice gap”.

关 键 词：国际正义 世界主义 全球正义 迈克尔·沃尔泽 

分 类 号：D0[政治法律—政治学]