南乐源于虞舜时代的农业祭仪  

On the Relation of Nanyue with the Agriculture Rituals of the Yu-Shun Era

作　　者：张树国[1] Zhang Shuguo

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学人文学院,浙江杭州311121

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2024年第1期109-119,共11页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大专项项目“中华文明与早期书写研究”(2022JDZD025)子项目“中华上古文明与简帛书写”。

摘　　要：南乐为上古虞舜时代农业祭仪上表演的乐章,具有召唤东南季风的神秘作用,东南季风在《夏小正》《山海经》中又称为“俊风”,这一名称与大舜有关。因时代久远,早期典籍关于南乐的记载零散而不系统,《尚书》中《尧典》《益稷》等篇,《周礼》《礼记》以及《诗经·周颂》中的象舞与勺舞都与大舜韶乐有关;《诗经·国风》中反映江汉汝水流域的《周南》《召南》为《吕氏春秋·音初》中的“南音”。结合甲骨文、金文以及出土战国竹书文献,可以发现大舜南乐包含吹奏乐(箫、竽、笙)、弹拨乐(琴、瑟)以及打击乐(陶钟、陶鼓),最初应用于农业祭仪之中,用以召唤东南季风即“俊风”以及大象、凤凰等动物,与原始自然崇拜的图腾艺术相一致,具有诗乐舞综合性艺术特点,韶乐是大舜南乐的代表作品。Nanyue was ancient south orchestra which performed in the agriculture rituals of Yu-shun era,and endowed the mystery function of summoning east-south monsoon.East-south monsoon was called Jun wind in the book of Shanhai Jing and Xiaxiaozheng.It was thought derived from emperor Da-shun.Because of the great age,the record in the early documents about the elephant dance and spoon dance of Nanyue was scattered in Yaodian and Yiji of Shangshu,Zhouli,Liji,and the ZhouSong of Shijing·Zhounan,Shaonan of Shijing·Guofeng was the Nanyin(south music)which reflected the custom of the Jiang,Han,Ru valley.Combined oracle bones,bronze ware inscriptions with the bamboo books,it can be found the Nanyue of Dashun(great emperor Shun)include wind music instrument like Xiao,Yu and Sheng,string instrument like Qin and Se,as well as percussion instrument like pottery bells and drums.It early showed in the agriculture rituals,summoned the east-south monsoon and the animals like elephant,phenix and so on.Nanyue was comprehensive art of poetry,music and dance and was in accordance with primitive nature worship totem art,and Shaoyue was the representative work of Dashun Nanyue.

关 键 词：南乐 虞舜时代 农业祭仪 

分 类 号：J609.2[艺术—音乐]