史前至商代石磬研究  

On the Chines Stone from prehistory to the Shang Dynasty

作　　者：段迪 方辉[1] DUAN Di;FANG Hui

机构地区：[1]山东大学历史文化学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《中原文物》2023年第6期93-105,共13页Cultural Relics of Central China

基　　金：国家文物局“考古中国·海岱地区夏商西周考古研究”项目(批准号:文物保函[2021]1105号)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文依据石磬的形制、编列、与其他乐器的组合等特征,将史前至商代的石磬分为史前至中商、晚商两个发展阶段。史前至中商的石磬出土在北方,形状多样,出现鼓磬、铃磬组合。这一阶段的石磬皆为特磬,主要作为节奏乐器,用于祭祀场合或者乐舞伴奏。晚商时期的石磬,除了北方外,在长江流域也有发现,倨句五边形、鱼型的石磬增多。鼓磬组合仍是重要的形式,新增铙与磬、埙与磬、埙与铙磬、骨排箫与铙磬四类组合,都出土在贵族墓葬中。石磬不仅作为节奏乐器与祭祀用器,而且随着编磬与铭文磬的出现,用于演奏旋律与进献纳贡。This article provides a classification of chime stones based on their arrangement and combination,spanning from prehistory to the Shang Dynasty. The classification identifies two distinct stages: prehistory to the Middle Shang Dynasty, and the late Shang Dynasty. Chime stones from prehistory to the Middle Shang Dynasty were primarily discovered in the northern region and displayed various shapes, including drum chime stones and bell chime stones combined. During this stage, chime stones were primarily used as rhythmic instruments for sacrificial ceremonies or as accompaniment for music and dance. In the late Shang Dynasty,chime stones were found not only in the north but also in the Yangtze River basin. The number of chime stones with pentagonal shapes and those imitating animals increased. Drum and chime stone combinations remained significant. Furthermore, four new combinations involving cymbals and chime stones, such as xun and chime stone, xun cymbal and chime stone, and bone panpipe cymbal and chime stone, were unearthed in noble tombs. Chime stones in this stage served not only as rhythmic and sacrificial instruments but also played melodies and were used for paying tribute.

关 键 词：史前 商代 石磬 乐器组合 使用方式 

分 类 号：K223[历史地理—历史学] K875.5[历史地理—中国史]