咸阳出土“东汉青铜佛像”献疑  

Questioning the bronze Buddha statue of the Eastern Han Dynasty from Xianyang

作　　者：何志国 HE Zhiguo

机构地区：[1]南通大学,江苏南通226019 [2]华东师范大学,上海200062

出　　处：《中原文物》2023年第6期122-131,共10页Cultural Relics of Central China

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“七世纪前金铜佛考古学研究”(批准号:17BKG002)阶段成果。

摘　　要：我国发现汉晋佛陀像超过130例,主要特征是:东汉佛像施无畏印,吴晋佛像施禅定印。咸阳青铜立佛左、右手均握衣角和袈裟形态与东汉佛像图像志特征不符,其肉髻有孔、细长眼、右撇式袈裟衣纹、莲座莲瓣扁平肥大均为十六国时期特征。咸阳青铜佛板二佛并坐的图像结构与释迦多宝佛相似,最早见于西晋竺法护所译《正法华经》,现存最早释迦多宝佛图像为十六国晚期。咸阳两尊十六国时期青铜佛像为后世混入东汉晚期M3015中。对于被盗后出土与墓葬时代特点不符的文物年代判断应当谨慎。More than 130 examples of Han and Jin Buddha statues have been found in China, and the main features could be listed as followings. The Eastern Han Buddha statues employ the gesture of fearlessness,and the Wu-Jin Buddha statues employ the gesture of meditation. The Xianyang bronze standing Buddha differs from the standard image of the Eastern Han. The slender eyes, right-side robe clothing pattern, and other characteristics of the statue are accord with the sixteen kingdoms period. The Xianyang bronze Buddha plate, with the image of two Buddha, is similar to the Sakyamuni Buddha. The earliest known image of the Sakyamuni Buddha is of the late period of the sixteen kingdoms. The two Xianyang bronze statues should be of the sixteen kingdoms, which were mixed into burial M3015 of the late Eastern Han Dynasty. One should be cautioned of the date of artifacts from stolen burials.

关 键 词：咸阳成任东汉晚期墓 青铜佛像 十六国时期 年代分析 

分 类 号：K879.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K234.2[历史地理—历史学]