开路先锋:清末民初淮南盐垦公司的农业改良尝试及其当代启示  

Open Up a New Road:The Attempt of Agricultural Improvement of Huainan Salt Reclamation Companies during The Late Qing Dynasty and The Early Republic of China and Its Contemporary Enlightenment

作　　者：羌建[1] QIANG Jian(School of History and Culture,Nantong University,Nantong 226019)

机构地区：[1]南通大学历史文化学院,江苏南通226019

出　　处：《中国农史》2023年第6期49-61,共13页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“农业文化遗产与乡村可持续发展研究”(20&ZD167)。

摘　　要：面对清末危局,一批有识之士注意到农业与工商业的密切关系,振兴农业的呼声因之日益高涨。清末实业家张謇提倡农工商一体化发展,并身体力行,开发、利用沿海滩涂,创办了中国近代第一家农业股份制公司,还发动、联合一大批士绅,在淮南沿海创办了数十家盐垦公司。这些盐垦公司结合国情,创造性地融合了中国传统农业和西方现代农业的优点,通过运用现代科学技术改良农业,因地制宜地发展“本利相生”的多种经营,实行集约化生产,以及公司统一管理、佃户分散生产相结合等特色鲜明的举措,引领了中国近代农业改良的浪潮,是中国由传统农业向现代农业转变的一次重要尝试。其中的经验教训可为当今农业发展提供有益的历史启示。In the face of the crisis in the late Qing Dynasty,some people of insight in society paid attention to the close relationship between agriculture and industry and commerce.As a result,the voice of revitalizing agriculture is rising day by day.Zhang Jian,an industrialist in the late Qing Dynasty,advocated the development of the integration of agriculture,industry and commerce,and put it into practice,developed and utilized the coastal tidal flat,established the first agricultural joint-stock company in modern China,and mobilized and united a large number of gentry,dozens of salt reclamation companies were established along the coast of Huainan.Combined with national conditions,these salt reclamation companies creatively integrated the advantages of Chinese traditional agriculture and western modern agriculture,through a series of distinctive measures,it led the wave of agricultural improvement in modern China.It is an important attempt for China to change from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture.The experiences and lessons can provide useful historical inspiration for today's agricultural development.

关 键 词：清末民初 淮南 盐垦公司 农业改良 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]