去势和热应激对筠连黄牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵和血液生化指标的影响  

Effects of castration and heat-stress on production performance,rumen fermentation and blood biochemical indexes of Junlian cattle

作　　者：岳子奇 姚小鹤 王之盛[1] 胡瑞[1] 邹华围[1] 肖鉴鑫 左之才[2] 彭全辉[1] 梁秀容 邓文松 王成 左家学 YUE Ziqi;YAO Xiaohe;WANG Zhisheng;HU Rui;ZOU Huawei;XIAO Jianxin;ZUO Zhicai;PENG Quanhui;LIANG Xiurong;DENG Wensong;WANG Cheng;ZUO Jiaxue(Key Laboratory of University in Cattle Low Carbon Breeding and Safety Production in Sichuan Province/Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Junlian County Agricultural and Rural Department,Yibin 645250,China;Junlian County Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Service Center,Yibin 645250,China;Lincang Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Technology Promotion Center,Lincang 677099,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物营养研究所/四川省牛低碳养殖与安全生产重点实验室,成都611130 [2]四川农业大学动物医学院,成都611130 [3]筠连县农业农村局,四川宜宾645250 [4]筠连县畜牧水产业发展服务中心,四川宜宾645250 [5]临沧市畜牧技术推广站,云南临沧677099

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2024年第1期127-139,共13页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目(2021YFYZ0001);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业(肉牛牦牛)产业技术体系项目(CARS-37);临沧市肉牛改良与产业化发展关键技术研究与示范项目(202104AC100001-A04)。

摘　　要：为研究去势和热应激对筠连黄牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵和血液生化指标的影响,本研究选用18头16月龄、体重相近((292.35±28.71)kg)的不同去势程度筠连黄牛(全去势FCG、半去势HCG、假手术SOG),分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头牛,根据试验期间牛舍温湿度指数(THI),分为热应激期(7、8月)和非热应激期(9月),分析去势和热应激对黄牛各指标的影响。结果表明:1)与非热应激期相比,热应激期牛舍THI、肉牛呼吸频率和直肠温度均显著提高(P<0.05)。2)去势和热应激均显著提高血清热休克蛋白70、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)和雌二醇浓度(P<0.05),而睾酮、甲状腺素(T4)、胰岛素和游离脂肪酸浓度显著降低(P<0.05),且除血清葡萄糖、T4和LDL-C外,去势和热应激对其他血清指标存在显著互作效应(P<0.05)。3)全去势和热应激均显著降低肉牛平均日增重(ADG),且存在显著互作效应(P<0.05)。4)热应激期,去势显著降低粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维和钙表观消化率以及血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.05),而热应激消除后,去势显著提高了T-AOC含量(P<0.05)。5)去势和热应激均显著提高瘤胃pH(P<0.05),显著降低氨态氮(NH3-N)、乙酸(AA)和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度(P<0.05),且去势和热应激对瘤胃pH、NH3-N、AA和TVFA浓度存在显著互作效应(P<0.05)。综上,公牛去势和热应激均会影响机体性激素分泌和养分表观消化率,从而降低生产性能,为热应激期肉牛饲养管理提供科学依据。The purpose of this study was to study the effects of castration and heat stress on production performance,rumen fermentation and blood biochemical indexes of yellow cattle.Eighteen 16-month-old Junlian yellow bulls of similar weight((292.35±28.71)kg)with different degree of castration(Fullcastration group:FCG,hemi-castration group:HCG and sham-operation group:SOG)were selected and divided into three groups,with 6 replicates in each group and 1 bull in each replicate.Then divided into heat stress(July and August)and non-heat stress(September)periods according to the changes of the thermal-humidity index(THI)during the experiment.Then the impact of castration and heat stress on indicators of yellow cattle was analyzed The results showed as follows:1)Compared with the non-heat stress period,bulls in the heat stress period had significantly higher THI,respiratory rate and rectal temperature(P<0.05).2)During the whole test period,the castration and heat stress significantly increased serum heat-shock protein 70,high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein(LDL-C)and estradiol concentrations(P<0.05);while serum testosterone,thyroxine(T4),insulin,and free fatty acids concentrations were significantly decreased(P<0.05);Besides serum glucose,T4 and LDL-C,castration and heat stress had a significant interaction effects on other serum index(P<0.05).3)The fullcastration and heat stress significantly decreased dry matter intake and average daily gain(ADG),and there was a significant interaction effect(P<0.05).4)During the heat stress period,the castration significantly decreased crude protein,acid detergent fiber and Ca apparent digestibility,and serum total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)(P<0.05),but significantly increased T-AOC in the non-heat stress period(P<0.05).5)The castration and heat stress both significantly increased rumen pH(P<0.05),significantly decreased ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N),acetic acid(AA),and total volatile fatty acid(TVFA)concentrations(P<0.05);and both had significant interaction effects on rumen

关 键 词：筠连黄牛 热应激 去势 生产性能 表观消化率 血液生化指标 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]