基于地表水目标水质的畜禽粪便水环境承载力估算  

Estimation of water environmental bearing capacity of animal manure based on surface water target quality

作　　者：楚天舒 赖世宣 杨行 赵智强 郭青霞[4] CHU Tianshu;LAI Shixuan;YANG Hang;ZHAO Zhiqiang;GUO Qingxia(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Rural Energy and Environmental Protection,Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering/Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]农业农村部规划设计研究院农村能源与环保研究所/农业农村部资源循环利用技术与模式重点实验室,北京100125 [3]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [4]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2024年第1期146-156,共11页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：农业农村部资源循环利用技术与模式综合性重点实验室开放课题(KLTMCUAR2021-3);山西省回国留学人员科研教研资助项目(2022-111)。

摘　　要：针对南方水网地区畜禽养殖业发展受限问题,以浙江省江山港流域为研究对象,实地调研核定流域水污染物来源途径与入河污染负荷量;基于QUAL2K模型,建立地表水水质响应模型,评估江山港流域在达到目标水质时的畜禽粪便水环境承载力;运用情景分析法探究畜禽养殖与地表水水质响应关系。结果表明:1)2020年江山港流域入河负荷量为190.564 t(以氨氮计),土壤流失、污水处理厂、化肥施用、有机肥施用和水产养殖分别占总负荷的70.0%、14.8%、11.0%、2.8%和1.4%。2)当水质目标设定为达到Ⅰ类和优于Ⅱ类时,江山港流域能承载畜禽最大养殖量分别为133.5万和1622.1万头猪当量,当前养殖规模未超载。3)江山港流域地表水水质对畜禽养殖量的响应关系弱,畜禽养殖不是流域水环境保护的制约因素。建议江山港流域加强生态沟渠的建设与管理,协同实现畜禽养殖业发展与水环境保护。Aiming at the limited development of livestock and poultry breeding industry in the southern water network region,this study investigated the sources of water pollutants and evaluated the carrying capacity of the water environment in the Jiangshangang watershed in Zhejiang Province.The QUAL2K model was employed to establish a surface water quality response model for livestock and poultry manure,and the scenario analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between livestock and poultry farming and surface water quality response.The results indicated that:The nitrogen pollution load entering the river in the Jiangshangang watershed was 190.564 metric ton in 2020,and the major contributors,soil erosion,wastewater treatment plants,chemical fertilizer,and organic fertilizer application,and aquaculture contributed 70.0%,14.8%,11.0%,2.8%and 1.4%of the total load,respectively.When the water quality target was set to reach Class I or better than Class II,their theoretical maximum carrying capacities of livestock and poultry farming in the watershed were 1.335 million and 16.221 million pig equivalents,respectively.The response relationship between surface water quality and livestock and poultry farming was weak,suggesting that livestock and poultry farming was not a limiting factor for water environment protection.Strengthening the construction and management of ecological channels to achieve the coordinated development of animal husbandry and water environment protection in the region is recommended in this study.

关 键 词：畜禽粪便 水环境承载力 地表水水质 QUAL2K模型 污染负荷 

分 类 号：X03.5[环境科学与工程]