栽培密度对滇重楼生长、病害、产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Cultivation Density on Growth, Disease, Yield and Quality of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis

作　　者：陈以相 杨俊华[1,2] 徐文果 李学梅[3] 朗成伟 丁家盛 段明月 尹其代 唐李军 许彦国 CHEN Yixiang;YANG Junhua;XU Wenguo;LI Xuemei;LANG Chengwei;DING Jiasheng;DUAN Mingyue;YIN Qidai;TANG Lijun;XU Yanguo(Dehong Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Yunnan Province,Mangshi,Yunnan 678400;Dehong Agricultural Sciences Research Institute of Yunnan Province,Mangshi,Yunnan 678400;Dehong Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Yunnan Province,Mangshi,Yunnan 678400;Dehong Agricultural Radio and Television School of Yunnan Province,Mangshi,Yunnan 678400;Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Conservation and Utilization Research Center,Qujing Normal University,Qujing,Yunnan 655011)

机构地区：[1]云南省德宏州农业技术推广中心,云南芒市678400 [2]云南省德宏州农业科学研究所,云南芒市678400 [3]云南省德宏州植保植检站,云南芒市678400 [4]云南省德宏州农业广播电视学校,云南芒市678400 [5]曲靖师范学院云南高原生物资源保护与利用研究中心,云南曲靖655011

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第2期121-130,共10页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：云南省农业发展专项项目“中药材资源收集和栽培研究”(2130106);云南省乡村振兴科技专项项目“州市区域创新能力提升专项”(2060499)。

摘　　要：为滇重楼的高产优质栽培提供理论依据,将三年生健康苗在大田遮荫栽培模式下以不同行距种植,调查不同龄期滇重楼的农艺性状及主要病害的发生情况。种植4 a后,检测七年生滇重楼产量和根茎总皂苷含量。结果表明,栽培密度对滇重楼生长、病害、产量及品质有显著的影响。株行距20 cm×20 cm时滇重楼长势突出、丰产性和药材品质最好;低于此密度,植株生长发育好、病害发生轻、总皂苷含量高,但单位面积的产量较低;高于此密度,株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽、块茎长、块茎粗、休眠芽长和块茎鲜重降低,且茎腐病和根腐病显著加重,根茎中总皂苷的含量显著降低。因此,在云南省德宏州及生态条件相似区域推荐滇重楼栽培以株行距20 cm×20 cm(25×10^(4)苗/hm^(2))为宜。In order to provide a theoretical basis for high-yield and high-quality cultivation of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis,three-year-old healthy seedlings were planted with different row spacing in field-shade cultivation mode.The agronomic characters and the occurrence of main diseases at different ages were investigated in the study.Four years later,the yield and total saponin contents of rhizomes were detected on the seven-year-old plants.Our results indicated that the planting density had significant effects on the growth,disease,yield and quality of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis.Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis had outstanding growth,high yield and the best quality of medicinal materials when the row spacing was 20 cm×20 cm;below this density,plants grew well,with less diseases and high total saponin contents,but low yields;above this density,plant heights,stem diameters,leaf lengths,leaf widths,tuber lengths,tuber diameters,dormant bud lengths and tuber fresh weights were decreased,stem rot and root rot disease were significantly increased,and the contents of total saponins in rhizomes were significantly decreased.It is suggested that a row spacing of 20 cm×20 cm(25×10^(4) seedlings/hm^(2))is recommended for planting Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis in Dehong of Yunnan Province or other similar areas.

关 键 词：滇重楼 栽培密度 农艺性状 病害 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S-3[农业科学]