不同砧木对普通型和短枝型富士系苹果花芽分化的影响  

Effects of Different Rootstocks on Flower Bud Differentiation of Common and Short-branched Fuji Apple

作　　者：郭明 马利萍 李凯 杨天一 张满让[1] GUO Ming;MA Liping;LI Kai;YANG Tianyi;ZHANG Manrang(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2024年第1期77-89,共13页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS-27)。

摘　　要：选取了宝鸡地区生产上常用的T337自根砧和M26中间砧分别搭配普通型富士‘长富2号’和短枝型富士‘礼泉短富’,对4种砧穗组合苹果树叶片的养分吸收和蔗糖代谢,短枝顶芽的激素代谢、成花基因表达等进行了全面的评价,探究了不同砧木对普通型和短枝型富士系苹果花芽分化的影响,以期为宝鸡地区筛选适宜搭配富士系苹果的最优砧木类型。结果表明:同一富士系品种嫁接不同砧木类型,T337自根砧组合较M26中间砧组合有更高的开花率和更饱满的短枝顶芽,并且在花芽生理分化期,T337自根砧组合中糖类物质的合成和积累、蔗糖代谢和激素代谢水平以及成花基因的表达均显著优于M26中间砧组合。可见,T337自根砧搭配富士系苹果较M26中间砧搭配富士系苹果更易成花。In this study,the effects of different rootstocks on flower bud differentiation of common and short branch Fuji apples were investigated.Specifically,the T337 rootstock and M26 intermediate ro-otstock,commonly used in Baoji apple production,were selected for grafting with common Fuji‘Naga-fu No.2’and short branch Fuji‘Liquan Fuji’,respectively.The nutrient uptake and sucrose metabo-lism of apple leaves,hormone metabolism and flowering gene expression in short shoot apical buds of the four rootstock combinations were comprehensively evaluated the aim was to identify the optimal rootstock type for the Baoji area.The results showed that the T337 rootstock combination exhibited higher flowering rate and fuller spur buds compared with the M26 interstock combination when graf-ted on different rootstock types of the same Fuji variety.Moreover,during the period of flowering bud physiological differentiation,the T337 rootstock combination demonstrated significantly improved ex-pression of sugar synthesis and accumulation,sucrose metabolism,hormone metabolism,and flowering genes compared to the M26 interstock combination.In conclusion,T337 rootstock is an optimal root-stock type for the Baoji area.

关 键 词：苹果砧木 糖代谢 激素代谢 成花基因 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]