西藏油桃褐腐病菌生物学特性测定及室内药剂筛选  

Determination of Biological Characteristics of Nectarine Brown Rot Fungus in Xizang and Indoor Pharmacy Screening

作　　者：孙晨曦 毛维兴 相栋[2] 徐秉良 张树武 SUN Chenxi;MAO Weixing;XIANG Dong;XU Bingliang;ZHANG Shuwu(College of Plant Protection,Gansu Agricultural University,Engineering Laboratory for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Pests,Lanzhou 730070,China;Institute of Vegetable,Xizang Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850032,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学植物保护学院/甘肃省农作物病虫害生物防治工程实验室,兰州730070 [2]西藏自治区农牧科学院蔬菜研究所,拉萨850032

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2024年第1期168-174,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：甘肃农业大学“伏羲杰出人才培育计划”(Gaufx-03J03);国家自然科学基金(31860526);甘肃省杰出青年基金(18JR3RA161);甘肃农业大学人才专项(2017RCZX-07)。

摘　　要：旨在明确西藏油桃上褐腐病菌(Monilia yunnanensis)的生物学特性及6种杀菌剂对其菌落生长的室内毒力。通过“菌落生长速率法”评价不同培养基成分温度、光照、pH及杀菌剂对M.yunnanensis菌落生长的影响。结果表明,在固体培养基上培养7 d后,M.yunnanensis最适生长碳源为淀粉,其生长速率为0.696 cm/d,其次是乳糖和蔗糖,其生长速率分别为0.558和0.417 cm/d,在葡萄糖和山梨醇上的生长速率为0.343和0.328 cm/d,但在甘露醇培养基上具有显著的抑制作用;最适生长氮源为苯丙氨酸,生长速率为0.374 cm/d,蛋氨酸、硝酸铵及硝酸钠次之,其生长速率分别为0.290、0.248和0.246 cm/d,但是硫酸铵和尿素对其生长具有抑制作用;最适光照条件为全黑暗,其菌丝生长速率为0.721 cm/d,较其他光照条件具有显著性差异;最适温度20~25℃,但当温度高于40℃则不能正常生长;最适pH为6~8。室内毒力测定结果表明,6种杀菌剂对西藏油桃褐腐病菌生长均具有不同的抑制效果,其中丁子香酚和戊唑醇的抑菌效果最佳,其EC50值分别为0.032和0.043μg/mL。In order to clarify the biological characteristics of the pathogen of nectarine brown rot(Mo-nilia yunnanensis)in Xizang,and determine the toxic effect of six fungicides on its colony growth,we evaluated the effect of different composition of culture media and conditions as well as fungicides on the M.yunnanensis colony growth by the method of colony growth rate.The results showed that the most suitable carbon source for M.yunnanensis growth was starch with a growth rate of 0.696 cm/d on the solid medium at 7 days after incubation,followed by lactose,sucrose,glucose and sorbitol,and with the growth rates of 0.558,0.417,0.343 and 0.328 cm/d,respectively.In contrast,a sig-nificant inhibitory effect was observed on the mannitol medium;the most suitable nitrogen source was phenylalanine,and the growth rate was 0.374 cm/d,followed by methionine,ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate,and the growth rates were 0.290,0.248 and 0.246 cm/d,respectively.However,the ammonium sulfate and urea had significant inhibitory effect on M.yunnanensis growth;the most suit-able light condition was darkness,and the colony growth rate was 0.721 cm/d,which was significant-ly different from other light conditions;the optimum temperature was 20 to 25℃,whereas the tem-perature cannot grow normally was higher than 40℃;the optimum pH was 6-8.In addition,The test results also showed that the six fungicides had different inhibitory effects on the growth of M.yunnanensis.The eugenol and tebuconazole exhibited the best antifungal effect,and their EC50 values were 0.032 and 0.043μg/mL,respectively.

关 键 词：西藏 油桃褐腐病 生物学特性 杀菌剂 生长速率 

分 类 号：S436.621[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]