天津蓟州独乐寺古建筑群昆虫多样性及关键害虫防治  

Insect Biodiversity and Key Pest Management in Ancient Architectural Complex of Dule Temple in Tianjin

作　　者：刘根宇 甄刚 贾甲 陈楠 刘斌 刘建国 卢蓬蓬 赵智慧 魏琮[1] LIU Genyu;ZHEN Gang;JIA Jia;CHEN Nan;LIU Bin;LIU Jianguo;LU Pengpeng;ZHAO Zhihui;WEI Cong(College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China;Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics Protection,Xi’an 710075,China;Key Scientific Research Base of Conservation on Stone and Brick Materials,State Administration Bureau of Cultural Heritage(Shaanxi Provincial Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage),Xi’an 710075,China;Tianjin Jizhou Cultural Heritage Protection Center,Jizhou Tianjin 301900,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省文物保护研究院,西安710075 [3]国家文物局砖石质文物保护重点科研基地(陕西省文物保护研究院),西安710075 [4]天津市蓟州区文化遗产保护中心,天津蓟州301900

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2024年第2期341-354,共14页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：天津蓟州独乐寺彩绘泥塑和壁画前期研究项目(第一阶段)。

摘　　要：对天津蓟州区独乐寺古建筑群昆虫多样性进行系统调查,并对危害建筑、设施、重要文物和古树的害虫进行了综合防治研究。结果表明,寺内发生的昆虫共计12目37科66种,其中有害昆虫5目10科17种。危害古建筑木质构件和泥塑雕像等文物的主要是花斑皮蠹(Trogoderma variabile),危害古建筑室外木构件的主要为黑颚条蜂(Anthophora melanognatha)和黄胸木蜂(Xylocopa appendiculata),黑颚条蜂及十二斑毛斑蜂(Melecta duodecimmaculata)也在壁画和泥塑上筑巢危害;危害古树的主要为白蜡脊虎天牛(Xylotrechus rufilius)等害虫。另外,山斑大头泥蜂(Philanthus triangulum)在山门等处掘土筑巢,造成的危害比较严重。在相关害虫发生期、危害部位和习性调查基础上,综合采用色板、黑光灯、糖醋液诱杀和药物喷洒、注杆、滴孔、药棉填塞、熏蒸等方法,对各类害虫进行了防治,取得良好效果。In this study,we conducted an investigation into the insect biodiversity within the Dule Temple,situated in the Jizhou District of Tianjin,and implemented integrated pest management strate-gies to effectively control pests associated with the temple.A total of 66 species from 37 families across 12 orders were observed within the temple.The warehouse beetle Trogoderma variabile was the major pest damaging the wooden components of ancient buildings and clay sculptures.Two bee species,Anthophora melanognatha and Xylocopa appendiculata,were the major pests which do harm to the wooden components outside the ancient buildings.The nesting behavior of A.melanognatha and Melecta duodecimmaculata individuals also leaded to damage on the frescoes and clay sculptures.Longhorn beetles were the primary pests responsible for causing damage to the old trees within the temple(e.g.,Xylotrechus rufilius).In addition,the beewolf Philanthus triangulum causes severe damages by digging soil to make nests in the Gate house and around areas.Based on the specific occur-rence period,damage locations and habits of different pests,we used a comprehensive approach using different methods and equipment to eliminate the pests.The methods include using colorful sticky boards and ultraviolet lamps to attract insect,as well as using a sugar-acetic acid-ethanol liquid.We al-so implemented pesticide spraying,injection and fumigation,etc.

关 键 词：古建筑 壁画 泥塑 昆虫多样性 害虫综合防治 

分 类 号：TU-87[艺术—艺术设计] TU746.2[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论] Q968[生物学—昆虫学]