自然保护地及其毗邻区人类活动影响研究:进展与展望  

Research on the Impacts of Human Activities in Protected Areas and Adjoining Areas:Progress and Prospect

作　　者：杜文武 眭淼 DU Wenwu;SUI Miao

机构地区：[1]西南大学园艺园林学院风景园林系,重庆400715 [2]中国风景园林学会青年工作委员会 [3]重庆市风景园林学会

出　　处：《中国园林》2023年第12期14-20,共7页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“自然保护地及其毗邻区景观梯度结构效应与协同机制”(编号52278078)资助。

摘　　要：人类活动超载、土地破坏性利用在自然保护地毗邻区普遍存在,是自然保护地栖息地丧失与生态系统退化的主要因素,对全球生态安全构成严重威胁。中国自然保护地毗邻区人口众多,保护发展“兼用”属性明显,治理成本高,管控难度大。且自然保护地及其毗邻区人类活动影响具有溢出性、复杂性、动态性等特征,对其影响评估、作用机理和管控策略等研究成为众多学者近年来关注的重要议题。为厘清自然保护地及其毗邻区人类活动影响研究进展,采用叙述性文献综述法,从洞势、明律、释理和施策4个方面,系统梳理自然保护地及其毗邻区人类活动影响研究领域的国际进展。研究洞察了自然保护地及其毗邻区人类活动影响研究的价值和趋势;明晰了环境监测实验、数理模型模拟和社会科学研究3种揭示人类活动影响规律的基本研究范式;阐释了人类活动影响的机理、效应和机制3类核心研究议题;揭示了人类活动影响管控的空间和程序2条根本途径,并对其面临的挑战进行了探讨。研究认为自然保护地人类活动影响研究应将关注视野拓展至毗邻区乃至自然保护地网络,加强人与自然相互作用研究和地域性实践,协同空间途径和程序途径,发展动态治理体系。Overloading of human activities and destructive land use are common in the adjoining areas of protected areas,which are the main factors of ecosystem degradation and habitat loss in protected areas,and pose a severe threat to global ecological security.Owing to huge population and trade-off between development and protection,it is difficult to control the adjoining areas of terrestrial protected areas in China.Moreover,due to the features of spillover,dynamicity and complexity in the human activity impacts on protected areas and adjoining areas,research on impact assessment,mechanism and management strategies has become a vital topic for scholars in recent years.In order to clarify the progress of research on the human activity impacts on protected areas and adjoining areas,this paper adopts the narrative literature review method to sort out the international progress in this field from four aspects:trends,regularities,mechanisms,and approaches.In detail,the research provided insights into the value and trends of this research field,clarified the three basic paradigms for revealing the laws of human impact,namely empirical study,simulation and experience,explained the three core topics of the mechanisms,effects and regimes,and revealed the two fundamental ways of area-and process-oriented approaches.Finally,we discussed the challenges of this research.It was proposed that research should expand horizons to adjoining areas and even protected natural areas network,strengthen research on human-nature interactions and regional practices,synergize the area-and process-oriented approaches,and develop a dynamic governance system.

关 键 词：风景园林 自然保护地 毗邻区 人类活动影响 空间治理 可持续发展 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]