不可通约的现代性:18世纪英国不规则园林的自然观念  

Incommensurable Modernity:Concepts of Nature in the 18^(th) Century British Garden

作　　者：雷晶晶 LEI Jingjing

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院,武汉430074 [2]华中科技大学湖北省城镇化工程技术研究中心,武汉430074 [3]华中科技大学自然资源部城市仿真重点实验室,武汉430074

出　　处：《中国园林》2023年第12期81-87,共7页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“空间治理视角下华中商贸城市街道行为主体、治理模式和转化重构研究”(编号52008177)资助。

摘　　要：18世纪,英国园林形态从规则向不规则转变,是世界园林史中一次创造性变革,影响深远直至当代。该转变有如下解释:1)美学观念说,认为浪漫主义美学在园林范式转换中起主要作用;2)中国影响说,则倾向于从文化传播角度,认为中国园林是促使变革产生的外部推动;3)观念史学者洛夫乔伊首次基于自然观念转变结合前2种观点,视中国园林为浪漫主义早期形式。自然观念即同时代人对自然的整体认识。以观念史的方法,基于自然观念说调和并深化以上解释,通过分析17—18世纪自然观念的3个方面--自然法建构、自然的对象化和人的自然天性,讨论作为社会起源的自然,作为艺术模仿对象的自然,以及作为人类道德行为动机的自然天性三方面转变,阐述英国不规则园林的思想起源、内在动机和演进动力。In the 18th century,the form transformation of the British garden from regularity to irregularity was a profound creativity in the history of world gardens.The transformation has following explanations:1)Aesthetic theory believes that Romanticism played a major role in this garden paradigm shifting;2)Chinese influence theory holds another perspective of cultural communication,that the irregularity of Chinese gardens had played an external impetus for the British gardens'form transformation;3)Arthur Lovejoy discussed the concepts'shifting of nature,and regarded the Western information acceptance of Chinese irregular gardens as a dawn of British Romanticism.This paper attempts to reconcile and deepen the above explanations.By analyzing three concepts of nature in th th the 17 and 18 centuries:the construction of the natural law as the origination of society;nature as the origination of artistic mimesis and its objectification;and the nature of human as the origination of ethical behavior,this paper is to argue that the British irregular gardens had their own ideology,intrinsic motivation and evolution dynamics,which is deeply rooted in the origination of early modern concepts of nature.

关 键 词：风景园林 英国园林 自然观念 浪漫主义 新古典主义 不可通约 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]