传说与史迹:故事眼光下史学的转向——“古史辨”对中国现代史学的推动(一)  

Legends and Historical Facts:The Turning of Historiography in the Light of“Story”-The Promotion of Modern Chinese Historiography by the Ku Shih Pien(Part One)

作　　者：罗志田[1] Luo Zhitian

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《文史哲》2024年第1期5-17,165,共14页Literature,History,and Philosophy

摘　　要：一百年前发起的古史辨,引发了一场影响深远的史学革命,是中国史学走向现代的一个表征。古史辨的最大贡献与其说是“史迹的整理”,或更在于以传说的眼光看待历史的自觉意识,二者在当时又有些内在的紧张。要探讨古史辨学人如何推动传说在史学中的兴起,不能不对几个重要的背景因素进行梳理:从清代开始的学术眼光移向“正经正史”之外,奠定了民国前期新史学一个颇具突破性的倾向。而近代引入的进化论与社会阶段说,导致昔人眼中的黄金古代变成一个原始的时段。怎样定位已被颠覆的古代,成为必须面对的时代新问题。在民初兴起的截断众流倾向,主张把上古史的一大段作存而不论的处理,这一倾向引发了不同的因应和纠偏举措,包括“传说时代”的提出。The Ku Shih Pien,initiated one hundred years ago,triggered a far-reaching revolution in historiography,which can be seen as a symptom of the modernization of Chinese historiography.The greatest contribution of the Ku Shi Pien was not so much the“collation of historical facts”as the conscious awareness of looking at history through the eyes of legends,while there existed some inherent tension between the two.In order to discuss how the Ku Shih Pien promoted the rise of legends in historiography,several background factors should be sorted out.First,the academic vision from the Qing Dynasty moved to the outside of“ancient classics and official histories”,which established a rather groundbreaking tendency in the new historiography of the early Republican period.Second,the introduction of the theories of evolution and the social stages in modern China has led to the transformation of the golden antiquity into a primitive stage in the eyes of the scholars.How to position the subverted ancient time became a new question of the times.Thirdly,there was a tendency“to cut off all the streams”that emerged in the early Republic period advocated that a large part of the ancient history should be suspended.And such tendency gave rise to various responses and rectification measures,including the introduction of the“age of legends”.

关 键 词：古史辨 考证学 进化论 社会阶段论 传说时代 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学]