径向不耦合装药爆压消峰作用及其对岩石破裂范围影响  

Peak Elimination Effect of Radial Uncoupled Charge on Explosion Pressure and Its Influence on Rock Fracture Range

作　　者：范勇 吴凡 冷振东 杨广栋 赵小华 FAN Yong;WU Fan;LENG Zhengdong;YANG Guangdong;ZHAO Xiaohua(Hubei Key Laboratory of Construction and Management in Hydropower Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei,China;College of Hydraulic&Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei,China;School of Water Conservancy Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学湖北省水电工程施工与管理重点实验室,湖北宜昌443002 [2]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002 [3]郑州大学水利科学与工程学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《兵工学报》2024年第1期131-143,共13页Acta Armamentarii

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51979152、51609127、52209162);湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划项目(T2020005);湖北省青年拔尖人才培养计划项目(2021年)。

摘　　要：弄清单孔爆破岩石破裂规律是揭示群孔爆破岩石破碎机理的基础。从理论上阐明了单孔爆破岩石破裂机理,采用高能爆轰炸药模型和混凝土损伤模型,分别模拟了空气与水不耦合装药下单孔爆破的应力变化过程、裂纹扩展过程以及不耦合系数为1.0~3.5时岩石粉碎区与裂隙区大小;分析了炮孔壁上爆破压力峰值、粉碎区与裂隙区的大小随不耦合系数的变化规律。研究结果表明:由于不同介质的影响,空气不耦合装药结构对于爆压的削峰作用约是水不耦合装药结构的2倍;当不耦合系数介于1.0~3.5时(药卷直径不变),空气不耦合装药下粉碎区直径介于4.44~1.59倍炮孔直径,裂隙区直径介于22.5~7.62倍炮孔直径;水不耦合装药下粉碎区直径介于4.44~2.74倍炮孔直径,裂隙区直径介于22.5~10.67倍炮孔直径。Understanding the law of rock fracture induced by single hole blasting is the basis to reveal the mechanism of rock fracture induced by multi-hole blasting.The mechanism of rock fracture induced by single hole blasting is clarified theoretically,and then the change process of stress,the propagation process of crack and the sizes of rock crushed zone and cracked zone with the decoupling coefficient of 1-3.5 are simulated by using a high explosive model and a rock RHT model.The laws of variation of the peak value of blasting pressure on the blast hole wall and the ranges of crushed zone and cracked zone with the increase in decoupling coefficient are analyzed.Calculated results show that the air-decoupling charge structure has about 2 times the peak shaving effect on the blasting pressure than the water-uncoupled charge structure due to the influences of different decoupling media.With the increase of decoupling coefficient from 1 to 3.5(unchanged charge diameter),the diameters of crushed zone and cracked zone for the air-decoupling charge structure ranges from 4.44 to 1.59 and 22.5 to 7.62 times hole diameter,respectively.While for the water-decoupling charge structure,the diameters of crushed zone and the cracked zone are 4.44 to 2.74 times and 22.5 to 10.67 times more than hole diameter,respectively.

关 键 词：单孔爆破 岩石破裂 不耦合系数 装药结构 粉碎区 裂隙区 

分 类 号：TD235.1[矿业工程—矿井建设]