新疆生产建设兵团畜牧业高质量发展规划资源环境承载力研究  

The carrying capacity of resources and environment for the highquality development plan of animal husbandry in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

作　　者：郜兴亮 刘福元[1] 孙新文[2] 杨勇[3] 沙磊 刘根俊[3] 叶冬冬 杨井泉[1] GAO Xingliang;LIU Fuyuan;SUN Xinwen;YANG Yong;SHA Lei;LIU Genjun;YE Dongdong;YANG Jingquan(Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation,Shihezi 832000,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,China;Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院畜牧兽医研究所,新疆石河子832000 [2]石河子大学动物科技学院,新疆石河子832000 [3]新疆生产建设兵团农业农村局,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《养殖与饲料》2024年第2期25-33,共9页Animals Breeding and Feed

基　　金：南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划项目(2021DB014);第八师石河子市重点领域科技攻关项目(2020NY02);第七师胡杨河市财政科技计划项目(2022C06)。

摘　　要：[目的]为科学制定新疆生产建设兵团(以下简称兵团)“十四五”畜牧业发展规划提供基本生产参数。[方法]以兵团及13个师2025年畜禽计划存出栏数为依据,从畜禽养殖饲草料资源承载力、水资源承载力、粪污土地承载力3个环境制约因素来分析兵团及各师未来畜牧业发展资源环境承载力。[结果]到2025年,兵团苜蓿缺口19.29万t,需种植21.43万hm^(2);玉米青贮缺口687.07万t,需种植11.452万hm^(2);秸秆等主要粗饲料原料盈余169.63万t;玉米籽实缺口为337.04万t,需种植42.80万hm^(2);棉粕盈余60.99万t。兵团2025年畜禽饮用水需要量增长39.63%,达563.41万t,其中第十二师增长率最大(294.94%),第八师增长量最大(88.52万t)。兵团整体畜禽粪污土地承载力不超载,达到2025年计划养殖量后仍可增加3053万个猪当量,土地消纳粪污的潜力仍很大,但第十二师以氮测算承载力指数为4.90>1,以磷测算承载力指数为3.26>1,属于严重超载,需要进行调整。[结论]“十四五”兵团及13个师的畜禽养殖数量设定与环境资源禀赋比较符合,但个别师仍需调整。[Objectives]To provide a theoretical basis for scientifically formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for the development of animal husbandry in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,and to better play the leading role of plan.[Methods]The planned stock and output of livestock and poultry in each division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in 2025 was used to analyze the carrying capacity of resources and environment for the future development of animal husbandry in the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and its divisions in terms of three constraints of re-sources and environment including the carrying capacity of forage grass for farming livestock and poultry,the carrying capacity of water resources,and the carrying capacity of land contaminated by manure that will affect the future development of animal husbandry.[Results]The results showed that there would be a shortage of 192900 tons of alfalfa in the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,requiring 214300 hectares of planting by 2025.The shortage of corn silage wil be 6.8707 million tons,requiring 114,520 hectares of planting.The surplus of main roughage raw materials such as straw will be 1.6963 million tons.The shortage of seed corn will be 3.3704 million tons,requir-ing 428000 hectares of planting.The surplus of cotton meal will be 609900 tons.The demand for drinking water for livestock and poultry in the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in 2025 will need to increase by 39.63%,to 5.6341 million tons;The 12th Division will have the highest growth rate,requiring an increase of 294.94%;The Eighth Division will have the largest growth,re-quiring an increase of 885200 tons.The overall carrying capacity of land contaminated by livestock and poultry manure in the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps will be not overloaded.After reaching the planned capacity of farming by 2025,the Corps can still increase its pig equivalent by 30.53 million.The potential for land to absorb manure will be still great.But the carrying capaci

关 键 词：饲草料供给 畜禽饮水供给 畜禽粪污土地承载力 畜牧业环境资源 畜牧业发展规划 

分 类 号：F326.3[经济管理—产业经济] X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程]