会理出土战汉时期铜矛的铅料来源分析  

A Study on Lead Sources of Bronze Spearheads From Cultural Relic Administration Center of Huili County, Sichuan Province by MC-ICP-MS

作　　者：徐军平 杨颖东 王晓婷 杜靖 唐翔 罗武干 XU Jun-ping;YANG Ying-dong;WANG Xiao-ting;DU Jing;TANG Xiang;LUO Wu-gan(Shandong Cultural Relic Conservation and Restoration Center,Jinan 250100,China;Center of Scientific Archaeology in Chengdu Archaeological Institute,Chengdu 610042,China;Department of Archaeology and Anthropology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Beijing 100044,China;National Centre for Archaeology,Beijing 100013,China;Cultural Relic Administration Center of Huili County,Huili 615100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省文物保护修复中心,山东济南250100 [2]成都文物考古研究院,四川成都610042 [3]中国科学院大学考古学与人类学系,北京100049 [4]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044 [5]国家文物局考古研究中心,北京100013 [6]会理县文物管理所,四川会理615100

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2024年第2期446-451,共6页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项(20VJXG018);北京市社会科学基金青年学术带头人项目(21DTR046);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目资助。

摘　　要：凉山州会理地区自先秦时期已成为金沙江中游进入云南的重要门户。会理青铜文化显示了浓厚的本地原始文化基础,且在历史发展进程中与金沙江以南等区域文化曾发生过不同程度的交流互动。铜矛是中国西南地区青铜文化墓葬中普遍出土的一类青铜兵器,通常带有杀伐功能和礼仪性,此外因其具有独特的类型学特征,可以作为区别文化因素的特殊器物。由于青铜的冶炼受冶金技术和金属矿料供应的制约,青铜兵器的制作技术和矿料来源是讨论西南地方青铜文化与周边文化交流的良好例证。在此背景下,为探讨战国至西汉早期会理地区出土青铜矛的矿源以及其与周边文化的互动等问题,本研究利用便携式X射线荧光光谱仪(pXRF)、多接收电感耦合等离子质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS)等设备对会理郭家堡墓地出土的四件铜矛进行了成分与铅同位素比值测定。铜矛样品均为柳叶形矛叶,且中部略起脊,骹部无耳,通体素面,这种形制的铜矛属于典型的本地风格特征。科技分析结果显示,铜矛样品的合金成分组成差异较大,有铜铅合金、铜锡铅合金及铜铅锑合金。因为所有样品的铅含量都高于2%,所以铜器中的铅料系人为添加。铅同位素比值分析结果则揭示了本批铜矛样品矿源分为普通铅和高放射性成因铅截然不同的两组。通过比较周边地区的铅矿石铅同位素数据,可知会理青铜矛不仅采用了当地的铅料,而且还使用了云南东北部会泽金沙厂一带的铅矿料。在战国至秦汉时期,云南东北部属于古夜郎青铜文化的控制区域。结合该分析结果与两地考古遗物的发现,可以推测会理青铜文化与夜郎青铜文化曾发生过紧密的交流与联系。The Huili area of Liangshan Prefecture has become an important gateway for the Jinsha Raver's middle reaches to Yunnan since the pre-Qin period.The Huili bronze culture shows a strong local primitive cultural foundation,and in the process of historical development,there have been exchanges and interactions with regional cultures,such as the south of the Jinsha River,to varying degrees.Bronze spearheads are bronze weapons commonly unearthed in bronze culture tombs in southwest China.They usually have killing and ritual functions.In addition,because of their unique typological characteristics,they can be used as special tools to distinguish cultural factors.Since the smelting of bronze is restricted by metallurgical technology and the supply of metal ore,the production technology of bronze weapons and the mineral resource are a good example for discussing the exchanges between the bronze culture in southwestern China and the surrounding cultures.In this context,in order to explore the provenance of bronze spearheads unearthed in Huili from the Warring States Period to the early Western Han Dynasty and their interaction with the surrounding culture,this study used a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer(pXRF),a multi-receiver inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(MC-ICP-MS)and other equipment to determine the composition and lead isotope ratios of four bronze spearheads unearthed from the Guojiabao cemetery.The bronze spearhead samples have willow-shaped leaves with a slight ridge in the middle.They have no ears on the sockets and have no pattern.This type of bronze spearhead is a typical local style.The scientific and technological analysis results show that spearhead samples'alloy composition varies greatly,including Cu-Pb alloy,Cu-Sn-Pb alloy and Cu-Pb-Sb alloy.However,the lead contents of all samples are higher than 2%,which means that the lead material was artificially added.The lead isotopic ratio analysis results revealed that the ore sources of this batch of copper spear samples were divided into t

关 键 词：铜矛 铅同位素比值 铅料 会理 

分 类 号：K876.4[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]